** **Indirect → Direct (imperative):** reverts to bare imperative with the same sense. (a)(d) add extra verbs altering nuance; (c) introduces politeness not present. ---

** **Said to → told**, **will→would**, **tomorrow→the next day**, **your→his**. Others retain wrong deictics or persons. ---

** **Yes/No question → asked if + clause**; **present perfect → past perfect** (**have flown → had flown**). Others have tense/pronoun/order errors. ---

** **Exclamatory → declarative** with **that-clause**; **it is → it was** (backshift). Others keep exclamatory/question order or are ungrammatical. ---

** **Present perfect reporting ("has said") → no backshift**; keep **will**. Others mis-tense or alter meaning. ---

** **Imperative → told + object + to-infinitive.** (a)(c) wrong verb pattern; (d) _asked_ is for requests, not commands. ---

** **Reverse backshift:** **could → can**; keep **you** addressing the listener; maintain generic present **want**. ---

** **Reverse backshift:** **had arrested → have arrested**; keep first person **I** from the speaker. ---

** **Indirect → Direct (reverse backshift):** **couldn't→can't**, **them→you**, **that night→tonight**, **was→am**. (b)(c)(d) have pronoun/tense mismatches. ---

** **Said to → told + object**; **present → past** backshift (**are → were**). (a) over-backshifts to past perfect. (b) wrong verb pattern. (d) turns statement into a question and keeps present. ---