The Qur’an (4:21) calls marriage a *mithāq ghalīẓ* — a solemn covenant based on mutual rights and duties.

Qur’an 4:7 states that men and women have fixed shares in inheritance.

Qur’an 33:35 enumerates men and women equally in faith, patience, and reward before Allah.

Because Islamic human rights are rooted in the Quran and Sunnah, they are not subject to the whims of political leaders or majority votes. This provides a 'Right to Permanent Protection' that ensures fundamental human liberties remain stable across time and place.

Islam teaches that the earth is a trust (Amanah). Humans have the right to use its resources but also the obligation to preserve it for future generations. Wasting water, over-hunting, or polluting are seen as violations of the rights of the creation of Allah.

While Islam values the stability of marriage, it provides the legal right of divorce as a 'safety valve.' If a marriage becomes harmful or impossible to maintain, the 'Right to be Free from Harm' takes precedence, allowing either party to seek a legal end to the contract.

The concept of 'Nasiha' (sincere advice) and the history of early Islam show that men and women from all backgrounds participated in public discussions, questioned the Caliphs, and served in various administrative roles, affirming the right to civic engagement.

The Quran states, 'O mankind, We created you from a single pair... and made you into nations and tribes so that you may know each other.' This establishes the 'Right to Non-discrimination,' viewing human diversity as a sign of God's creativity rather than a basis for hierarchy.

The Quran is extremely strict about the rights of orphans, prohibiting the consumption of their wealth and commanding their kind treatment. Protecting the orphan's property and ensuring their upbringing is a sacred duty of the guardian and the state.

By stating that every disease has a cure, the Prophet (PBUH) encouraged medical research and the seeking of treatment. This led to the creation of the first public hospitals (Bimaristans) in history, where healthcare was provided as a right to the people.