Spring constant has units N/m, which is the same as surface tension's unit (N/m).

Wood tends to damp vibrations while metals are elastic and sustain vibrations, so bells are made of metal to ring.

Acceleration a = -(k/m)x = -150×0.5/1 = -75 m/s^2.

A Nicol prism (or polarizing prism) is commonly used to produce plane polarized light.

A ripple tank is a laboratory device used to study wave phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference.

Modulation index β = frequency deviation / modulating frequency = 10 kHz / 2 kHz = 5.00.

The OCR shows a selection mark next to option D; physically, T ∝ √m so quadrupling mass doubles the period.

Phase velocity is commonly referred to as phase speed, the rate at which a point of constant phase propagates.

k = mg/Δx ≈ (0.5×9.8)/0.000981 ≈ 4990 N/m; ω = √(k/m) ≈ 99.9 rad/s so f = ω/2π ≈ 15.9 Hz ≈ 16 Hz.

For SHM v_max = ωA, ω = sqrt(k/m)=sqrt(1/4)=0.5, so A = v_max/ω = 3 / 0.5 = 6 m.