Sher Shah Suri is credited with establishing a highly efficient and systematic revenue administration during his brief reign. He introduced land measurement techniques, standardized currency, and implemented a structured tax collection system that directly benefited the peasantry and the state treasury. His administrative reforms were so effective that they served as a foundational model for the later Mughal administrative structure, particularly under Emperor Akbar, who refined and expanded upon these early innovations.

Sher Shah Suri is widely credited with establishing a robust and systematic land revenue administration during his brief reign. He implemented the 'Rai' system, which involved measuring land and assessing taxes based on productivity. His administrative reforms, including the standardization of currency and the improvement of the land revenue collection process, served as a foundational model for subsequent rulers, including the Mughal Emperor Akbar.

The Mughal Emperor Babur authored the 'Baburnama', a significant historical memoir. Similarly, Emperor Jahangir wrote his own memoirs titled 'Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri'. Since both pairs 1 and 4 are accurately matched, option C is the correct choice. These works provide invaluable insights into the political, social, and personal lives of the Mughal emperors during their respective reigns.

Muhammad Shah, also known as Muhammad Shah Rangeela, was the Mughal emperor during the invasion of Nadir Shah in 1739. Nadir Shah looted the imperial treasury and seized the Peacock Throne, which was never recovered by the Mughal dynasty.

Lord Cornwallis served two terms as the Governor-General of India. He is particularly famous for the Cornwallis Code, which introduced significant judicial, police, and revenue reforms, including the Permanent Settlement of 1793. These reforms aimed to stabilize the British administration in India and establish a structured legal and land revenue system that influenced colonial governance for decades.

Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of Bengal, was impeached by the British Parliament upon his return to England. The impeachment trial, which lasted several years, focused on allegations of corruption, abuse of power, and administrative misconduct during his tenure in India. Although he was eventually acquitted of the charges, the trial remains a significant event in the history of British colonial administration.

After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the country was divided into occupation zones. The western portion, which later became the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), was administered by the Allied powers of France, the United Kingdom (England), and the United States of America.

François Bernier was a French physician and traveler who spent twelve years in India during the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb. He served in the Mughal court and documented his observations in his famous work, 'Travels in the Mogul Empire'. His writings provide significant historical insights into the administration, economy, and social life of the Mughal Empire during the 17th century.

On December 20, 1999, Portugal ended its colonial administration of Macao, which had lasted for over 400 years. The territory was returned to China, becoming a Special Administrative Region under the 'one country, two systems' principle, similar to the handover of Hong Kong two years earlier.

The Arthashastra is a foundational ancient Indian text attributed to Chanakya, also known as Kautilya. It provides comprehensive guidance on statecraft, economic policy, military strategy, and the administration of a kingdom, serving as a manual for rulers on how to govern effectively and maintain power.