The Battle of Plassey, which established British dominance in Bengal, took place in 1757 during the reign of Alamgir II.

Muhammad Shah (1719–1748) earned the epithet 'Rangila' (The Colorful/Merry-maker) because he spent much of his time in luxurious pursuits rather than statecraft.

Chin Qilich Khan, who held the title Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah, grew frustrated with the court politics of Delhi and established the independent state of Hyderabad in 1724.

The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Shah Alam II was the recognized emperor at the time, although he was in exile in Bihar/Awadh, and Delhi was under the regency of his son or influenced by nobles.

Jahandar Shah was the first Mughal Emperor to be murdered by his nobles (the Sayyid Brothers conspired against him to place Farrukhsiyar on the throne). However, Farrukhsiyar was also later killed by them.

The Battle of Karnal was the decisive engagement where Nadir Shah's forces crushed the Mughal army led by Emperor Muhammad Shah within a few hours.

Nadir Shah plundered Delhi in 1739 and took the Peacock Throne (commissioned by Shah Jahan) and the Kohinoor diamond back to Persia.

Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia, invaded India in 1739 during the reign of Muhammad Shah 'Rangila', defeating the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal.

Farrukhsiyar issued a royal Firman in 1717 granting duty-free trading rights to the British East India Company in Bengal, which is often called the 'Magna Carta' of the Company's trade in India.

Abdullah Khan and Hussain Ali Khan, known as the Sayyid Brothers, were powerful nobles who played a decisive role in dethroning and appointing Mughal emperors (like Farrukhsiyar, Rafi-ud-Darajat, etc.) in the early 18th century.