The 2016 G20 summit, which served as the eleventh meeting of the Group of Twenty, was held in the city of Hangzhou, China. This was the first time China hosted the G20 summit, focusing on themes of innovation, structural reform, and global economic growth during the two-day event.

On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom held a national referendum regarding its membership in the European Union. The result, announced on June 24, showed a majority vote in favor of leaving the bloc. This historic event, commonly referred to as Brexit, initiated a multi-year process of withdrawal from the European Union's political and economic institutions.

The United Kingdom officially ended its membership in the European Union on January 31, 2020. This event, commonly referred to as Brexit, followed the 2016 referendum in which the British public voted to leave the union. This withdrawal marked the end of nearly 47 years of membership in the bloc.

Amir Khusro was a prolific poet and musician who served under several rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He was notably patronized by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, among other sultans of the era. His work significantly influenced the cultural landscape of medieval India, blending Persian and Indian traditions during the period of the Tughlaq dynasty.

The Arabian Peninsula covers a vast expanse of land in Western Asia. Geographers generally estimate its total surface area to be approximately 3.25 million square kilometers. This massive landmass is bordered by the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf, solidifying its status as the largest peninsula on Earth.

The name 'Pakistan' is derived from the Persian and Urdu languages, where 'Pak' means pure and 'stan' means land. Therefore, it is widely interpreted as the 'Land of the Pure', reflecting the vision of a nation founded on the principles of purity and faith.

The Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) was incorporated in September 1947, shortly after the independence of Pakistan. It served as the primary financial hub for the country's capital markets for decades. In 2016, it was merged with the Lahore and Islamabad stock exchanges to form the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), which remains the central platform for trading securities in the country today.

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, a renowned Persian polymath and physician, is credited with significant advancements in chemistry, including the refinement of the distillation process. He utilized distillation to isolate various substances, including alcohol, which he used for medical and antiseptic purposes. His work in the laboratory laid the foundation for modern chemical techniques and established him as a pioneer in the field of experimental science.

The monumental medical work 'Al-Qanoon fi al-Tibb', or 'The Canon of Medicine', was written by the Persian polymath Abu Ali Sina, also known as Avicenna. It served as a standard medical textbook in European and Islamic universities for centuries, synthesizing Greek, Indian, and Islamic medical knowledge into a comprehensive system.

The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically critical waterway located between Oman and Iran. It connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is considered one of the world's most important oil transit chokepoints, as a significant portion of the world's petroleum supply passes through this narrow passage daily.