Environmentalism is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment.

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of authority and rejects all involuntary, coercive forms of hierarchy, calling for the abolition of the state.

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization. Conservatives generally seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity.

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a trade pact founded in 2018 to create a single market for goods and services across the African continent.

In Marxist philosophy, the bourgeoisie is the social class that came to own the means of production during modern industrialization and whose societal concerns are the value of property and the preservation of capital to ensure the perpetuation of their economic supremacy.

The AfCFTA Agreement (2018) aims to create a single continental market for goods and services.

The Global Compact on Refugees (2018) provides a framework for burden-sharing and cooperation.

The AfCFTA was adopted in Kigali in 2018.

The GCC rolled out a 5% VAT in 2018, starting with Saudi Arabia and UAE, to diversify revenue.

The Connectivity Agenda was launched at the 2018 CHOGM.