The Indian Penal Code was drafted by the First Law Commission chaired by Macaulay in 1834, passed in 1860, and finally came into force in 1862 during the viceroyalty of Lord Elgin.

Captain William Sleeman was appointed by Lord William Bentinck to suppress the Thugs, a cult of ritualistic robbers and murderers. Between 1830 and 1835, Sleeman successfully eradicated the Thuggee network.

The Charter Act of 1813 was significant because it sanctioned the sum of one lakh rupees annually for the revival and improvement of literature and the encouragement of learned natives of India, marking the beginning of state responsibility for education.

Thomas Babington Macaulay was appointed as the first Law Member of the Governor-General's Council under the Charter Act of 1833. He presided over the first Law Commission and played a key role in drafting the Indian Penal Code.

The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act was drafted by Lord Dalhousie and passed by Lord Canning in 1856. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar played a pivotal role in campaigning for this legislation to legalize the remarriage of Hindu widows.

Charles Wood's Dispatch of 1854 is often called the 'Magna Carta of English Education in India'. It established the Department of Public Instruction in five provinces and recommended the setting up of universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.

Lord William Bentinck issued Regulation XVII in December 1829, which declared the practice of Sati (burning of widows) illegal and punishable by criminal courts. He was heavily influenced by the social reformer Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Durgaram Manchharam founded the Manav Dharma Sabha in Surat in 1844 to expose the hypocritical acts of priests and promote monotheism.

Keshub Chandra Sen proclaimed the 'Navavidhan' or New Dispensation in 1880, which attempted to synthesize Hindu, Christian, and Islamic spiritual traditions.

Swami Vivekananda (Narendranath Datta) was the most famous disciple of Ramakrishna Paramhansa.