The 'Zanjir-i-Adil' was a golden Chain of Justice installed by Jahangir at Agra Fort. It had 60 bells and allowed any commoner who felt oppressed to pull it and seek immediate redressal directly from the Emperor.

Jahangir's real name was Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim. He was named after the Sufi saint Shaikh Salim Chishti, whom Akbar revered and prayed to for a son.

Khan Dauran held the post of Mir Bakshi (Paymaster General/Commander) and died defending the empire at Karnal.

Abdali returned to Afghanistan shortly after the battle without signing a major formal treaty, though a peace was eventually understood.

The Gardis were a disciplined unit of musketeers and artillerymen trained on European lines, led by Ibrahim Khan Gardi.

These invasions drained India's wealth and shattered the military power of both the Mughals and Marathas, making it easier for the British to take over.

Kabul had been a Mughal province since Babur's time; its loss to Nadir Shah severed India's connection to Central Asia.

Mahadji Scindia was one of the few senior Maratha leaders who managed to escape, though he was permanently lamed.

Nadir Shah's primary goal was plunder to fund his wars in Persia; he had no intention of ruling India and reinstated Muhammad Shah.

Kashiraj Pandit, who was present at the battle, used this metaphor to describe the loss of Maratha leaders (pearls) and soldiers.