Srigupta was the founder of the Gupta dynasty, followed by his son Ghatotkacha, though Chandragupta I was the first to assume the imperial title Maharajadhiraja.

St. Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus, is believed to have visited the court of the Indo-Parthian king Gondophernes.

Bharavi wrote the epic poem Kiratarjuniya, describing the combat between Arjuna and Lord Shiva (Kirata).

Pushyamitra Shunga, who overthrew the Mauryas, is known for performing two Ashvamedha sacrifices, as mentioned in the Ayodhya Inscription.

Amarasimha, one of the Navratnas of Chandragupta II, wrote the Amarakosha, a thesaurus of Sanskrit.

Dandin was a famous Sanskrit prose writer who authored Dashakumaracharita.

According to legends (Divyavadana), the monk Upagupta (also identified with Moggaliputta Tissa in some traditions) converted Ashoka to Buddhism.

Kanishka is widely believed to have initiated the Saka Era in 78 AD, which is used by the Government of India.

Vatsyayana authored the Kamasutra, a text on human behavior and love, during the Gupta or post-Gupta period.

The Hathigumpha Inscription in Odisha describes the reign of King Kharavela of the Cheti dynasty.