Pulakeshin II, the Chalukya king of Vatapi, defeated Harsha and stopped his expansion into the Deccan.

Harisena was the court poet of Samudragupta and composed the Prayag Prashasti, praising the king's conquests.

Aryabhatta lived during the Gupta period. He wrote the Aryabhatiya and is credited with the concept of zero and calculating the value of Pi.

Panini (circa 4th century BCE) wrote the Ashtadhyayi, the foundational text of Sanskrit grammar.

Kanishka organized the Fourth Buddhist Council at Kundalvana (Kashmir), where Buddhism split into Hinayana and Mahayana.

Banabhatta was the court poet of King Harsha and wrote his biography 'Harshacharita' as well as the novel 'Kadambari'.

Fa-Hien visited India in the early 5th century AD during the reign of Chandragupta II to collect Buddhist scriptures.

Kumaragupta I (Mahendraditya) is credited with founding the Nalanda University, which became a great center of learning.

Kalidasa is regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language. His famous works include Shakuntalam and Meghaduta.

Megasthenes was sent by Seleucus Nicator to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He wrote the book 'Indica'.