Kautilya (also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta) was the prime minister of Chandragupta Maurya and wrote the Arthashastra.

Sushruta wrote the 'Sushruta Samhita', a foundational text on medicine and surgery. He is renowned for describing plastic surgery and surgical instruments.

Samudragupta (Gupta Dynasty) was called the 'Napoleon of India' by historian V.A. Smith due to his extensive military campaigns and conquests across India.

Vardhamana Mahavira belonged to the Jnatrika clan of Kshatriyas.

The Second Jain Council was held at Vallabhi in Gujarat in the 5th or 6th Century AD, where the Jain scriptures were finally compiled.

Puri (in Odisha) is a Hindu pilgrimage site known for the Jagannath Temple. Sarnath, Kushinagar, and Bodh Gaya are pivotal locations in Buddha's life.

Milinda Panho (Questions of Milinda) is a famous Buddhist text recording the dialogue between the Indo-Greek King Menander (Milinda) and the monk Nagasena.

Alara Kalama was one of the teachers under whom Siddhartha studied meditation before he sought enlightenment on his own.

Mahayana Buddhism introduced the worship of Buddha and Bodhisattvas in the form of idols/statues, treating him as a deity.

Buddha died (attained Mahaparinirvana) in Kushinagar at the age of 80.