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13481
The split between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism occurred during which council?
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
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Explanation
The formal split of Buddhism into Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) and Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle) occurred during the Fourth Buddhist Council in Kashmir.
13482
Which one of the following was NOT a contemporary of Gautama Buddha?
A. Bimbisara
B. Prasenajit
C. Ajatashatru
D. Bindusara
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Explanation
Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya and ruled much later (3rd century BC). Bimbisara, Prasenajit, and Ajatashatru lived during Buddha's time.
13483
The statue of Gomateshwara (Bahubali) is located at:
A. Mount Abu
B. Sravanabelagola
C. Palitana
D. Khajuraho
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Explanation
The massive monolithic statue of Gomateshwara (Bahubali) is located at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka, a major Jain pilgrimage site.
13484
Which King patronized the First Buddhist Council?
A. Ashoka
B. Ajatashatru
C. Kalashoka
D. Kanishka
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Explanation
The First Buddhist Council was held in Rajgir just after Buddha's death, under the patronage of King Ajatashatru of the Haryanka dynasty.
13485
Where did Mahavira breathe his last (attain Moksha)?
A. Rajgir
B. Pavapuri
C. Vaishali
D. Sravanabelagola
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Explanation
Mahavira passed away and attained liberation (Moksha) at Pavapuri, near Rajgir, at the age of 72.
13486
The 'Vinaya Pitaka' primarily contains:
A. Sermons of Buddha
B. Philosophical analysis
C. Rules of discipline for monks
D. Hymns of Gods
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Explanation
The Vinaya Pitaka deals with the monastic rules and code of conduct (discipline) for the Sangha (monks and nuns).
13487
Mahavira attained 'Kaivalya' (Supreme Knowledge) on the banks of which river?
A. Ganga
B. Rijupalika
C. Niranjana
D. Yamuna
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Explanation
Mahavira attained Kaivalya under a Sal tree on the banks of the river Rijupalika at the age of 42.
13488
The principle of 'Syadvada' (The theory of 'maybe' or relativity) is a central philosophy of:
A. Buddhism
B. Jainism
C. Vedanta
D. Sankhya
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Explanation
Syadvada (the doctrine of conditional predication) and Anekantavada (pluralism) are core philosophical concepts of Jainism.
13489
Which Mauryan ruler is famous for spreading Buddhism across Asia?
A. Chandragupta Maurya
B. Bindusara
C. Ashoka
D. Dasharatha
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Explanation
Emperor Ashoka embraced Buddhism after the Kalinga War and sent missionaries to various parts of the world, including Sri Lanka and Central Asia.
13490
Where did Buddha attain Enlightenment?
A. Sarnath
B. Lumbini
C. Bodh Gaya
D. Kapilavastu
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Explanation
Buddha attained Enlightenment (Nirvana) under a Pipal tree (Bodhi tree) at Bodh Gaya in Bihar.
