The transfer sparked protests in Egypt, as many considered the islands Egyptian, though the government argued they were Saudi territory under Egyptian administration.

It provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

Fukuyama argued that the end of the Cold War marked the endpoint of mankind's ideological evolution, a thesis largely contested by the rise of authoritarian powers in a multipolar world.

Daniel Pearl was kidnapped by militants in Karachi and later beheaded.

Jemaah Islamiyah, an Al-Qaeda affiliate, bombed a nightclub in Bali, killing 202 people.

Hosni Mubarak was forced to resign in 2011 after massive protests in Tahrir Square.

In his 2002 State of the Union address, Bush identified Iraq, Iran, and North Korea as regimes sponsoring terrorism and seeking weapons of mass destruction.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created in 2002 to coordinate national efforts against terrorism and other threats.

The movement began as a protest against fuel tax increases.

Protesters used umbrellas to shield themselves from pepper spray while demanding transparent elections.