General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who ruled Pakistan from 1978 to 1988, implemented policies that aimed to integrate Islamic principles into the governance of Pakistan. His regime is often characterized by a shift towards a more theocratic approach, emphasizing Islamic law (Sharia) and values in the legislative and social frameworks of the country.

The Objectives Resolution, a foundational document outlining the principles upon which Pakistan's constitution would be based, was passed by the Constituent Assembly on March 12, 1949. It emphasized that the constitution would be rooted in Islamic ideology and democratic principles. Liaquat Ali Khan, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, moved the resolution.

Pir Manki Sharif founded the Awami Muslim League in September 1949, advocating for Pashtun rights and democratic principles. The original question was misnumbered as “13” but treated as part of CSS 1997, and the answer was correct.

Liaquat Ali Khan moved the Objectives Resolution on 7 March 1949, and it was formally adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 12 March 1949, laying down guiding principles for Pakistan’s future constitution1.

Haj Shariatullah founded the Farazi movement in the early 19th century in Bengal to reform Muslim religious practices and resist British colonial policies. The movement emphasized strict adherence to Islamic principles and mobilized rural Muslims against oppression.

The Lucknow Pact (1916) accepted the principle of separate electorates.

"Niyyah" means intention in Arabic and the hadith "Actions are judged by intentions" refers directly to the importance of niyyah.

Smart growth promotes compact, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly development to create sustainable, livable communities.

The compact city emphasizes higher density, mixed land uses and walkable neighborhoods to use land efficiently and reduce travel demand.