Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, representing Egyptian literature.

'Mukhabarat' is the Arabic term for intelligence or secret police, used in countries like Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Jordan.

X (10) + X (10) + X (10) = 30.

L (50) + X (10) = 60. Since the smaller number is after the larger one, you add them.

The word 'Islam' is derived from the Arabic root 's-l-m' and literally means 'submission' (to the will of God). It is also related to the word 'Salam', meaning peace.

The opposite of Bona fide. Common in FPSC/PPSC exams.

Al-Mutanabbi is considered one of the greatest Arabic poets, known for his powerful and eloquent verses praising rulers and warriors.

Al-Ma'arri was a controversial rationalist poet who lived a secluded, ascetic life and critiqued religious dogmas.

Saj is a literary style characterized by rhythm and rhyme but without the strict meter of poetry, used in the Quran and Maqamat.

Rihla refers to both the act of travel and the written account of it, the most famous being that of Ibn Battuta (though medieval).