Funaria leaves are typically green due to the presence of chlorophyll for photosynthesis. However, in some developmental stages or specific environmental conditions, certain parts of the plant may appear pale or colorless, leading to the classification of both states in some contexts.

Bulbils are small, multicellular, bud-like vegetative reproductive structures that develop on the rhizoids or stems of some mosses. When detached, these bulbils can grow into new independent gametophyte plants, serving as an efficient method of asexual propagation.

The protonema of Funaria is a filamentous structure that can reproduce vegetatively. Fragmentation occurs when certain cells within the filament die, causing the thread-like structure to break into smaller, independent pieces. Each of these fragments is capable of growing into a new protonema, thereby facilitating the vegetative propagation of the moss.

The peristome is a specialized ring of tooth-like structures situated at the mouth of the capsule, directly beneath the operculum. These teeth are hygroscopic and play a crucial role in the gradual dispersal of spores from the capsule as they respond to humidity changes.

The leafy gametophore of Polytrichum exhibits a distinct phyllotaxy where the leaves are arranged in three vertical rows along the stem or rhizome axis. This spiral arrangement is characteristic of the genus and aids in efficient light capture.

The theca is the central part of the moss capsule where spores are produced. Its wall is structurally complex and typically consists of an outer epidermis, a hypodermis layer, and an internal photosynthetic spongy layer (chlorenchyma). These layers collectively protect the developing spores and contribute to the nutritional requirements of the sporophyte through photosynthesis.

The stem of the Funaria gametophore is organized into distinct regions. The outermost layer is the epidermis, which serves as a protective covering for the underlying tissues. Beneath the epidermis lies the cortex, which consists of several layers of parenchymatous cells. The epidermis is crucial for regulating gas exchange and protecting the plant from environmental stress, while the cortex provides structural support and storage.

The peristome is a specialized structure surrounding the mouth of the capsule. In many mosses, the peristome consists of two rings of teeth, with the inner and outer rings each typically composed of 16 teeth, which regulate spore dispersal.

The moss capsule is typically divided into three main regions: the basal apophysis, the central theca, and the apical operculum. The theca is the fertile, central portion of the capsule where the spore sac is located. It is the primary site for spore production and maturation, protected by the capsule wall and supported by the internal columella and trabeculae.

During the ontogeny of the archegonium in Funaria, the initial cell undergoes divisions to form the neck and venter. The apical cell of the developing archegonium typically cuts off segments in a specific pattern, usually resulting in 4 to 8 segments that contribute to the formation of the neck canal cells and the venter wall.