The Gupta Empire was divided into provinces known as 'Bhuktis'. These Bhuktis were administered by governors called 'Uparikas', who were directly appointed by the King. The Bhuktis were further divided into districts called 'Vishayas', managed by Vishayapatis.

Fa-Hien visited India between roughly 399 and 414 CE during the reign of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya). His accounts provide valuable insights into the social, religious, and economic conditions of the Gupta period, noting the prosperity of the people and the mildness of the administration.

The Barids were intelligence officers who reported directly to the Sultan.

'Rai' was the schedule of crop rates used to calculate the state's share of the produce.

Raja Todar Mal learned his revenue administration skills under Sher Shah Suri before becoming the Finance Minister (Diwan-i-Ashraf) of Akbar.

Sher Shah is considered the forerunner of Akbar because Akbar adopted and refined many of Sher Shah's administrative, revenue, and military policies.

Mubarak Shah is considered the ablest ruler of the dynasty. He suppressed rebellions in Bhatinda and the Doab and attempted to reorganize the administration.

Khan-i-Jahan Maqbool, a Telugu Brahmin convert to Islam, was a highly capable Wazir who handled administration while Firoz was away.

Ibn Battuta wrote 'Rihla', providing valuable details about the Tughlaq administration.

Alauddin ordered the measurement of land (Masahat) and 'Biswa' was the standard unit used for this purpose.