#761

Who is the current Managing Director of the IMF (as of 2025)?

(a) Christine Lagarde

(b) Kristalina Georgieva

(c) Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

(d) David Malpass

Explanation: Kristalina Georgieva was re-appointed for a second five-year term as Managing Director of the IMF starting October 1, 2024.

#762

In 2024, the UN General Assembly declared 2025 as the International Year of:

(a) Glaciers' Preservation

(b) Quantum Science and Technology

(c) Camelids

(d) Peace and Trust

Explanation: The UNGA declared 2025 as the International Year of Glaciers' Preservation. (Note: 2025 is also the Year of Cooperatives and Quantum Science in various resolutions, but Glaciers was a major environmental focus).

#763

The 'iCET' initiative, which saw expanded cooperation in 2024-2025, is a technology partnership between:

(a) USA and China

(b) USA and India

(c) EU and Japan

(d) Russia and Brazil

Explanation: The Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) is a flagship framework between the USA and India to foster cooperation in space, semiconductors, defense, and telecommunications.

#764

In 2025, India and the United States signed a new defense framework agreement valid for how many years?

(a) 5 years

(b) 10 years

(c) 20 years

(d) Permanent

Explanation: The US and India signed a new 10-year defense framework in 2025 to deepen cooperation in domains like space, cyber, and military interoperability.

#765

Which country is scheduled to host the Quad Leaders' Summit in 2025?

(a) United States

(b) Japan

(c) Australia

(d) India

Explanation: Following the US hosting in 2024, India agreed to host the Quad Leaders' Summit in 2025.

#766

Who serves as the President of the European Commission, driving the 'de-risking' strategy towards China in 2024-2025?

(a) Charles Michel

(b) Ursula von der Leyen

(c) Roberta Metsola

(d) Olaf Scholz

Explanation: Ursula von der Leyen was re-elected for a second term in 2024 and has been a key proponent of 'de-risking' (reducing economic dependency) rather than 'de-coupling' from China.

#767

Which country is the host of the APEC Summit in 2025?

(a) United States

(b) Peru

(c) South Korea

(d) Vietnam

Explanation: South Korea is scheduled to host the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in 2025.

#768

Which country officially joined the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) in December 2024, becoming its first European member?

(a) France

(b) Germany

(c) United Kingdom

(d) Italy

Explanation: The United Kingdom formally joined the CPTPP on December 15, 2024, making it the first new member since the bloc's creation and the first from Europe.

#769

According to the IMF's late 2024/2025 projections, global GDP growth for 2025 is forecast to be approximately:

(a) 2.1%

(b) 3.2%

(c) 4.5%

(d) 1.5%

Explanation: The IMF projected global growth to stabilize at around 3.2% in 2025, maintaining a steady but slow pace similar to 2024.

#770

Which major US-Africa trade legislation expired on September 30, 2025, raising questions about future trade relations?

(a) The Prosper Africa Act

(b) The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)

(c) The US-Africa Free Trade Agreement

(d) The Power Africa Initiative

Explanation: The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a cornerstone of US economic policy in Africa offering duty-free access, officially expired in September 2025.

#771

Which central bank moved more aggressively to cut interest rates in 2025 compared to the US Federal Reserve?

(a) Bank of Japan

(b) European Central Bank (ECB)

(c) Reserve Bank of Australia

(d) Central Bank of Brazil

Explanation: The ECB cut rates more aggressively in 2025 (reaching around 2.75%) due to weaker growth in the Eurozone, while the Fed moved slower due to sticky US inflation.

#772

The European Union reached a political agreement in December 2024 to finalize a long-delayed trade deal with which bloc?

(a) ASEAN

(b) Mercosur

(c) GCC

(d) EAC

Explanation: The EU and Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) reached a political agreement in late 2024 to finalize their trade deal after 25 years of negotiations.

#773

In 2025, global public debt was estimated to have exceeded which symbolic threshold?

(a) $50 trillion

(b) $80 trillion

(c) $100 trillion

(d) $150 trillion

Explanation: Global public debt reached a record high of over $100 trillion ($102 trillion) by 2024/2025, driven by borrowing in both developed and developing markets.

#774

The 'Digital Euro' project concluded its preparation phase in October 2025 and moved to which next stage?

(a) Immediate public launch

(b) Cancellation

(c) Building technical capacity and infrastructure

(d) Replacing physical cash entirely

Explanation: The ECB decided in late 2025 to move the digital euro to the next phase, focusing on building technical capacity and infrastructure ahead of a potential future issuance.

#775

Which major economy was projected to have the highest GDP growth rate among large economies in 2025, at over 6%?

(a) China

(b) United States

(c) India

(d) Germany

Explanation: India remained the fastest-growing major economy, with growth projections remaining above 6% (approx. 6.5%) for 2025.

#776

The expiry of the 'Black Sea Grain Initiative' led to increased volatility in which global commodity market in 2024-2025?

(a) Crude Oil

(b) Wheat and Food Grains

(c) Semiconductors

(d) Rare Earth Metals

Explanation: The collapse of the grain deal affected global food security and prices, particularly for wheat and corn exports from Ukraine.

#777

Which Asian nation enacted a Free Trade Agreement with the Maldives that entered into force on January 1, 2025?

(a) India

(b) China

(c) Japan

(d) South Korea

Explanation: The China-Maldives Free Trade Agreement officially entered into force on January 1, 2025, boosting Chinese exports to the island nation.

#778

What was the primary driver of the 'sticky' inflation observed in the United States throughout 2025?

(a) Plummeting oil prices

(b) New tariffs and trade protectionism

(c) Collapse in consumer demand

(d) Rapid adoption of AI

Explanation: Economists attributed the persistent 'sticky' inflation in the US partly to new tariffs and trade fragmentation, which kept import prices elevated.

#779

Which organization hosted its first-ever summit on the African continent in November 2025?

(a) G7

(b) G20

(c) NATO

(d) APEC

Explanation: The G20 Leaders' Summit was held in South Africa in November 2025, the first time the group has met on African soil.

#780

In 2024-2025, the 'Magnificent Seven' stocks continued to drive market performance, primarily fueled by hype in:

(a) Green Hydrogen

(b) Artificial Intelligence (AI)

(c) Blockchain

(d) Virtual Reality

Explanation: The massive valuation growth of US tech giants (Magnificent Seven) was largely driven by the boom in Generative AI technologies and infrastructure.

December 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions