#1321

In August 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(a) ugust 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(b) Brazil

(c) Australia

(d) Spain

Explanation: Brazil crossed 34% from wind and solar while hydro output dipped, keeping fossil generation low and cutting power-sector emissions versus past drought years. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1322

The 2025 IEA update on low-emissions hydrogen cut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(a) 10%

(b) 25%

(c) ut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(d) 60%

Explanation: The IEA lowered its 2030 projection from ~49 Mt to ~37 Mt due to cancellations, cost pressures, and policy uncertainty, though committed capacity still grows. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1323

The global plastics treaty talks (INC-5.2, Geneva 2025) ended with:

(a) A final legally binding treaty

(b) Agreement to cap global plastic production immediately

(c) Collapse with no agreement

(d) Adoption of a voluntary code only

Explanation: Deep divisions—especially over production caps vs. downstream measures—prevented consensus, echoing the 2024 impasse at Busan. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/e73090282a22be7ff5979ea2d648dc10?utm_source=chatgpt.com "No end in sight to plastic pollution crisis as treaty negotiations in Geneva fail"))

#1324

The UN scheduled the Geneva 2025 plastics session after failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(a) fter failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(b) INC-5.1 Busan 2024

(c) INC-3 Nairobi 2023

(d) INC-2 Paris 2023

Explanation: After Busan stalled, UNEP set INC-5.2 for 5–14 Aug 2025 in Geneva to try to close remaining divides. ([UNEP - UN Environment Programme](https://www.unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic ..."))

#1325

Following COP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(a) Carbon capture hubs

(b) DSI benefit-sharing implementation

(c) OP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(d) Road building in forests

Explanation: In line with COP16 Decision 16/2, the fund is hosted by the Multi-Partner Trust Fund to channel resources associated with DSI benefits. ([United Nations](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/?p=115133&utm_source=chatgpt.com "Press Release | The Cali Fund launches in the margins of ..."))

#1326

Which statement best reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?

(a) Coal use surged globally in 2024

(b) est reflects 2024 energy-system trends summarized by IEA in 2025?

(c) Oil demand fell by 10% in 2024

(d) Nuclear generation collapsed in 2024

Explanation: IEA’s 2025 Global Energy Review covers 2024 data and confirms accelerating additions in renewables amid mixed fossil trends. ([IEA](https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Global Energy Review 2025 – Analysis - IEA"))

#1327

In 2025, which factor most constrained scale-up of low-emissions hydrogen, per IEA?

(a) Electrolyser over-supply

(b) Project cancellations and cost gaps vs. fossil H₂

(c) onstrained scale-up of low-emissions hydrogen, per IEA?

(d) Universal carbon pricing

Explanation: The IEA cited cancellations, higher electrolyser prices, and cheap fossil alternatives delaying final investment decisions. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1328

Brazil’s 2025 clean-power milestone occurred as which resource dipped to a four-year low share?

(a) Wind

(b) razil’s 2025 clean-power milestone occurred as which resource dipped to a four-year low share?

(c) Gas

(d) Solar

Explanation: Hydro’s reduced output created space met by rising wind and solar—collectively exceeding one-third of generation in August 2025. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1329

Which plastics-treaty issue most divided negotiators in 2024–2025?

(a) Banning all plastic bags

(b) Whether to cap plastic production and chemicals of concern

(c) Ocean cleanup technologies

(d) ivided negotiators in 2024–2025?

Explanation: A core split was upstream production limits versus focusing on waste management and design standards, contributing to Geneva’s collapse. ([IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin](https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiating-committee-inc5.2-summary?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Summary report 5–15 August 2025 - Earth Negotiations Bulletin"))

#1330

Which of these is true of the Nature Restoration Law implementation outlook (2024–2025)?

(a) No binding targets exist

(b) Targets are advisory only

(c) Implementation by Member States is key to meeting 2030/2040/2050 milestones

(d) The law replaces all Natura 2000 sites

Explanation: Analysts emphasize that ambitious targets require robust national plans and funding to deliver real ecosystem recovery. ([CAN Europe](https://caneurope.org/content/uploads/2024/09/Nature-Restoration-Law-Essential-Progress-in-Biodiversity-and-Climate-Action-Implementation-will-be-key-v2-1.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Nature Restoration Law: Essential Progress in Biodiversity ..."))

#1331

During the CBAM transition (to end-2025), importers must primarily:

(a) Pay for CBAM certificates

(b) Report embedded emissions

(c) Purchase ETS allowances

(d) uring the CBAM transition (to end-2025), importers must primarily:

Explanation: The transitional phase builds data systems and methodologies ahead of paid compliance from 2026 onward. ([EcoVadis](https://ecovadis.com/regulations/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism-cbam/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) | EU Import ..."))

#1332

The BBNJ/High Seas Treaty achieved how many ratifications by June 2025?

(a) 20

(b) BNJ/High Seas Treaty achieved how many ratifications by June 2025?

(c) 49

(d) 75

Explanation: A mid-2025 wave of ratifications pushed the count to 49, with advocates urging states to reach 60 for entry into force. ([High Seas Alliance](https://highseasalliance.org/2025/06/09/huge-wave-of-ratifications-for-high-seas-treaty-marks-historic-progress-towards-entry-into-force/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "HUGE WAVE OF RATIFICATIONS FOR ..."))

#1333

The REN21 GSR 2025 highlighted which signal in the market?

(a) Renewables lost momentum in 2024

(b) Record-high additions and accelerating deployment

(c) No growth in solar PV

(d) Only wind grew

Explanation: The report credits policy support and cost declines for unprecedented capacity growth in 2024. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))

#1334

According to IEA 2025 hydrogen analysis, which country holds the largest electrolyser manufacturing share?

(a) ccording to IEA 2025 hydrogen analysis, which country holds the largest electrolyser manufacturing share?

(b) Germany

(c) China

(d) Japan

Explanation: The IEA notes China produced ~65% of global electrolyser capacity, though overcapacity and logistics may curb exports. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1335

Which statement best captures INC-5.2 (Geneva) dynamics in Aug 2025?

(a) Delegates swiftly adopted a binding treaty

(b) est captures INC-5.2 (Geneva) dynamics in Aug 2025?

(c) Only waste-management was debated

(d) Negotiations were canceled

Explanation: Earth Negotiations Bulletin reported limited progress on finance and scope (production, chemicals), with no final text emerging. ([IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin](https://enb.iisd.org/plastic-pollution-marine-environment-negotiating-committee-inc5.2-summary?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Summary report 5–15 August 2025 - Earth Negotiations Bulletin"))

#1336

What major electricity mix shift did Brazil record in Aug 2025?

(a) Fossil fuels >50%

(b) Wind + solar > one-third

(c) Nuclear > 20%

(d) id Brazil record in Aug 2025?

Explanation: Diversification cushioned a hydro shortfall without spiking fossil generation. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1337

In 2025, which sector trend did IEA note as not meeting prior hype?

(a) Offshore wind costs

(b) Low-emissions hydrogen projects reaching FID

(c) Solar PV installations

(d) id IEA note as **not** meeting prior hype?

Explanation: Only a small fraction reached final investment decision amid higher costs and policy uncertainty. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1338

Which statement about INC-5.2 media reporting is accurate (Aug 2025)?

(a) bout INC-5.2 media reporting is accurate (Aug 2025)?

(b) Failure was attributed to disagreements over caps and chemicals of concern

(c) Negotiators agreed to end plastic bag use worldwide

(d) The US led a coalition to mandate global caps

Explanation: Multiple outlets cited divisions, with some producers opposing caps and others seeking stronger upstream controls. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/e73090282a22be7ff5979ea2d648dc10?utm_source=chatgpt.com "No end in sight to plastic pollution crisis as treaty negotiations in Geneva fail"))

#1339

Which sphere saw record renewable additions in 2024 per REN21 GSR 2025?

(a) dditions in 2024 per REN21 GSR 2025?

(b) Power sector

(c) Transport only

(d) None—additions fell

Explanation: The >700 GW added were overwhelmingly in electricity generation capacity. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))

#1340

The 2025 IEA hydrogen outlook highlighted which market dynamic?

(a) Electrolyser prices fell everywhere

(b) Natural gas got cheaper in some regions, widening cost gaps

(c) China has no role in electrolysers

(d) ynamic?

Explanation: The economics favored fossil-based hydrogen in the near term, slowing low-carbon uptake. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

June 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions