#1961

Which maritime project did Pakistan and China fast-track in 2025 to increase naval presence in the Arabian Sea?

(a) Gwadar Desalination Plant

(b) Hangor-class Submarine Production at KSEW

(c) East Bay Expressway

(d) Ormara Airbase

Explanation: In 2025, the local construction of the Hangor-class (Type 039B) submarines at Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works (KSEW) reached a critical phase. These submarines, equipped with Air Independent Propulsion (AIP), are designed to counter the Indian Navy's expanding surface and underwater fleet in the Indian Ocean.

#1962

Which region was the site of the 'G-20' related tensions in 2023-2024 that continued to influence the diplomatic freeze in 2025?

(a) Ladakh

(b) Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir)

(c) Siachen

(d) Junagadh

Explanation: India's decision to host a G-20 tourism meeting in Srinagar in 2023 was strongly opposed by Pakistan. In 2025, the political fallout of this event continued to prevent any 'back-channel' diplomacy, with Pakistan insisting on a reversal of the 2019 status before any formal normalization could occur.

#1963

In 2025, which technology became the primary mode of 'asymmetric' border incursions reported by both sides?

(a) Tanks

(b) Drones (UAVs)

(c) Cavalry

(d) Submarines

Explanation: The use of drones for surveillance and small-scale drops (smuggling or propaganda) became a major security headache in 2025. Both India and Pakistan reported shooting down multiple small UAVs along the international border in Punjab and Rajasthan, leading to the deployment of dedicated anti-drone systems.

#1964

What is the name of Pakistan's indigenously developed armed drone that saw operational upgrades in 2025?

(a) Burraq

(b) Shahpar-II

(c) Uqab

(d) Ababeel

Explanation: The Shahpar-II is a Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance (MALE) armed UAV. By 2025, it was upgraded with more advanced satellite links and laser-guided munitions, providing the Pakistan Army with a cost-effective alternative for precision strikes near the border and in counter-insurgency roles.

#1965

Which major hydroelectric project in J&K did Pakistan object to in 2024-2025, claiming it violates the IWT?

(a) Tarbela

(b) Mangla

(c) Ratle Hydroelectric Plant

(d) Warsak

Explanation: Pakistan has long objected to the design of the Ratle and Kishenganga projects on the Chenab and Jhelum rivers respectively. In 2025, India's move to push ahead with construction despite Pakistani protests at the Court of Arbitration led to the current impasse over the treaty's modification.

#1966

In 2025, what was the status of the 'Kartarpur Corridor' amidst the diplomatic freeze?

(a) Permanently Closed

(b) Open for Pilgrims

(c) Converted to a military base

(d) Under construction

Explanation: Despite the severe diplomatic freeze and lack of trade/cricket, the Kartarpur Corridor remained operational in 2025 as a rare bridge for people-to-people contact. Both governments maintained the corridor for Sikh pilgrims, though security checks remained extremely stringent.

#1967

Which Pakistani missile, tested with a range of 140 km in 2021 and 400 km in late 2023, was deployed for coastal defense in 2025?

(a) Fattah-1 / Fattah-2

(b) Shaheen-1

(c) Ghauri

(d) Babur

Explanation: The Fattah-2 is a Guided Multi-Launch Rocket System (GMLRS). Its deployment in 2025 provides the Pakistan Army with the capability to hit high-value targets with precision at a range of 400 km, acting as a conventional deterrent against border build-ups.

#1968

Which international financial condition forced Pakistan to prioritize defense spending on 'maintenance' rather than 'new acquisitions' in the 2024-2025 budget?

(a) FATF Blacklist

(b) IMF Bailout conditions

(c) World Bank sanctions

(d) US Trade embargo

Explanation: The IMF's 2024-2025 Extended Fund Facility (EFF) required Pakistan to implement strict fiscal discipline. As a result, the 2025 defense budget focused on maintaining existing operational readiness and local indigenization projects (like JF-17) rather than high-cost imports from the West.

#1969

In 2025, which Indian organization was accused by Pakistan's Foreign Office of orchestrating 'targeted killings' on Pakistani soil?

(a) BCCI

(b) RAW (Research and Analysis Wing)

(c) ISRO

(d) RBI

Explanation: Throughout 2024 and 2025, Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs repeatedly claimed to have evidence of RAW's involvement in 'extra-judicial killings' within Pakistan. These allegations were part of a broader diplomatic war at the UN and other international forums, which India dismissed as propaganda.

#1970

Which bridge on the Indus River in Ladakh was a point of strategic concern for Pakistan in 2025 due to its ability to carry T-90 tanks?

(a) Attock Bridge

(b) Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DSDBO) bridges

(c) Lansdowne Bridge

(d) Sukkur Barrage

Explanation: The DSDBO road and its various heavy-load bridges are critical for India's defense of Ladakh. In 2025, the ability of these bridges to carry heavy T-90 Bhishma tanks was a concern for Pakistan's northern defense planning, as it implies a permanent heavy-armored presence near the Siachen and LoC gateway.

#1971

What is 'Project Azm' in the context of Pakistan's defense development in 2025?

(a) Construction of a new dam

(b) Development of a 5th Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA)

(c) A social welfare program

(d) A space exploration mission

Explanation: Project Azm is a strategic initiative by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) to develop a 5th-generation fighter and high-tech Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). In 2025, it was integrated into the 'Greenfield' Special Technology Zones to attract domestic R&D and reduce foreign dependence.

#1972

In 2025, which country remained Pakistan's largest defense partner, providing nearly 75% of its military imports?

(a) USA

(b) China

(c) Turkey

(d) Russia

Explanation: China remains Pakistan's 'all-weather' partner. By 2025, the relationship had deepened with the joint production of JF-17 Block III, J-10C maintenance, and the delivery of Hangor-class submarines and VT-4 tanks, filling the gap left by reduced US military aid.

#1973

Which Indian surface-to-air missile system, deployed near the border in 2024-2025, posed a challenge to PAF flights?

(a) Anza

(b) S-400 Triumf

(c) Stinger

(d) Patriot

Explanation: The S-400, acquired by India from Russia, has a long-range capability that covers a significant portion of Pakistani airspace from within Indian territory. In 2025, the presence of these batteries forced the PAF to develop more advanced Electronic Warfare (EW) and standoff weapon capabilities.

#1974

What was the name of the 'Cyber Defense Command' established by Pakistan in recent years to counter Indian cyber threats in 2025?

(a) Digital Rangers

(b) Army Cyber Command

(c) National Response Center for Cyber Crimes (NR3C)

(d) Air Force Cyber Wing

Explanation: The Army Cyber Command was operationalized to protect the country's military and critical infrastructure from digital attacks. In 2025, this unit played a key role in countering Indian 'information warfare' and hacking attempts targeting government databases.

#1975

Which Pakistani port city saw the inauguration of a new high-tech 'Maritime Science and Technology Park' in 2024-2025?

(a) Karachi

(b) Gwadar

(c) Ormara

(d) Pasni

Explanation: The Pakistan Navy's Maritime Science and Technology Park (PMSTP) in Karachi was designed to foster indigenous naval technology. In 2025, it focused on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and marine surveillance tech to counter the Indian Navy's numerical advantage.

#1976

In 2025, what was the primary focus of the 'Special Investment Facilitation Council' (SIFC) regarding the defense sector?

(a) Increasing military salaries

(b) Promoting defense exports and indigenization

(c) Building more cantonments

(d) Buying new F-35 jets

Explanation: The SIFC was used as a 'single-window' to attract foreign investment (particularly from Gulf countries) into Pakistan's defense production. The 2025 goal was to turn entities like POF and HIT into export-oriented industries to generate foreign exchange.

#1977

Which Indian tank is the primary competitor to Pakistan's VT-4 and Al-Khalid tanks in 2025?

(a) Abrams

(b) T-90 Bhishma

(c) Leopard 2

(d) T-55

Explanation: The T-90 Bhishma is the mainstay of the Indian Army's armored corps. In 2025, the tactical balance in the Punjab plains depends on the comparison between India's T-90s and Pakistan's VT-4 (imported from China) and Al-Khalid tanks.

#1978

In 2025, Pakistan continued to maintain its 'No First Use' policy status as:

(a) Confirmed and Signed

(b) Non-existent (Pakistan maintains a policy of Credible Minimum Deterrence)

(c) Proposed by the UN

(d) Abandoned in 2024

Explanation: Unlike India, which has a formal 'No First Use' (NFU) policy, Pakistan has never signed an NFU. In 2025, Pakistan maintains that its nuclear weapons are a deterrent against conventional and nuclear aggression from a much larger neighbor and will be used as a last resort.

#1979

Which 2024-2025 political development in India influenced the 'hawkish' stance on Pakistan border security?

(a) General Elections 2024

(b) The opening of the Ram Mandir

(c) Assembly elections in J&K

(d) All of the above

Explanation: The 2024 General Elections in India and the subsequent J&K assembly elections saw national security and 'standing up to Pakistan' as major political themes. This domestic political environment ensured that no major diplomatic breakthrough occurred through 2025.

#1980

In 2025, Pakistan's 'Ababeel' missile was highlighted for its ability to overcome which Indian system?

(a) S-400 Missile Defense

(b) Jaguar aircraft

(c) Aircraft carriers

(d) Border sensors

Explanation: The Ababeel is a Medium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM) with MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle) technology. Its purpose is to ensure the survivability of Pakistan's missiles against India's Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) and S-400 systems.

May 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions