October 2025 Edition
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October 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#1341
Which sphere saw record renewable additions in 2024 per REN21 GSR 2025?
(a) dditions in 2024 per REN21 GSR 2025?
(b) Power sector
(c) Transport only
(d) None—additions fell
Explanation: The >700 GW added were overwhelmingly in electricity generation capacity. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))
#1342
The 2025 IEA hydrogen outlook highlighted which market dynamic?
(a) Electrolyser prices fell everywhere
(b) Natural gas got cheaper in some regions, widening cost gaps
(c) China has no role in electrolysers
(d) ynamic?
Explanation: The economics favored fossil-based hydrogen in the near term, slowing low-carbon uptake. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))
#1343
Which country’s grid decarbonization progress in 2025 was noted for cutting power-sector emissions below prior drought years?
(a) Brazil
(b) South Africa
(c) ountry’s grid decarbonization progress in 2025 was noted for cutting power-sector emissions below prior drought years?
(d) Mexico
Explanation: Wind and solar growth reduced reliance on fossil generators even as hydro output sagged. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))
#1344
The plastics treaty timeline in 2025 was characterized by:
(a) Early conclusion and entry into force
(b) Extra session scheduled then talks failed again in August
(c) haracterized by:
(d) Regional treaties replacing global talks
Explanation: After Busan, UNEP set Geneva INC-5.2; however, negotiations ended without agreement. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/un-sets-date-extra-session-finalize-plastics-treaty-2025-03-03/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "UN sets date for extra session to finalize plastics treaty"))
#1345
Which development did not occur by mid-2025?
(a) BBNJ ratifications surpassed 45
(b) Plastics treaty finalized
(c) COP29 set a new finance goal
(d) evelopment did not occur by mid-2025?
Explanation: Geneva talks collapsed without a final treaty; other listed events did occur. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/e73090282a22be7ff5979ea2d648dc10?utm_source=chatgpt.com "No end in sight to plastic pollution crisis as treaty negotiations in Geneva fail"))
#1346
Which of the following best summarizes the 2025 hydrogen market outlook?
(a) Strong FIDs, minimal cancellations
(b) est summarizes the 2025 hydrogen market outlook?
(c) Universal carbon pricing boosted demand
(d) Electrolyser prices halved
Explanation: The IEA emphasized cancellations/delays and policy uncertainty curbing momentum. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))
#1347
On October 19, 1900, the Governor debarred Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk from using his official title for what reason?
(a) Financial corruption
(b) Supporting the Indian National Congress
(c) Staunch support for Urdu against government orders
(d) Leading a violent riot
Explanation: Governor Anthony MacDonald was so displeased by Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk's leadership of the Urdu Defence Association that he threatened to withdraw his pension and debarred him from using his title to pressure him into stopping the agitation.
#1348
How did the Hindu community observe the Partition Day on 16th October 1905?
(a) As a day of Celebration
(b) As a day of National Mourning
(c) As a public holiday
(d) As a day of Peace
Explanation: To protest the partition, Hindus across Bengal observed October 16, 1905, as a 'Day of National Mourning.' People fasted, walked barefoot, and tied 'Rakhi' on each other's wrists as a symbol of the unity of Bengal that the British were trying to break.
#1349
Who was the President of Pakistan when General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999?
(a) Farooq Leghari
(b) Rafiq Tarar
(c) Wasim Sajjad
(d) Asif Ali Zardari
Explanation: Rafiq Tarar was the President when the 1999 coup occurred. Unlike previous coups where the President was immediately removed, Tarar remained in office until June 2001, when General Musharraf formally assumed the presidency.
#1350
The 26th Constitutional Amendment, passed in October 2024, primarily focused on which area of governance?
(a) Local Government reforms
(b) Judicial reforms and the appointment of the CJP
(c) Economic emergency powers
(d) Education sector devolution
Explanation: The 26th Amendment significantly altered the process of appointing the Chief Justice of Pakistan (CJP) and established constitutional benches. It introduced a parliamentary committee to select the CJP from the three most senior judges, shifting away from the previous 'seniority-only' principle.
#1351
The 26th Constitutional Amendment, passed in October 2024, primarily focused on which area of governance?
(a) Local Government reforms
(b) Judicial reforms and the appointment of the CJP
(c) Economic emergency powers
(d) Education sector devolution
Explanation: The 26th Amendment significantly altered the process of appointing the Chief Justice of Pakistan (CJP) and established constitutional benches. It introduced a parliamentary committee to select the CJP from the three most senior judges, shifting away from the previous 'seniority-only' principle.
#1352
Who is the current Chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (as of 2025)?
(a) Asif Ali Zardari
(b) Bilawal Bhutto Zardari
(c) Bakhtawar Bhutto
(d) Yousaf Raza Gillani
Explanation: Bilawal Bhutto Zardari has been the Chairman of the PPP since 2007, following the assassination of his mother, Benazir Bhutto. He served as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan from 2022 to 2023.
#1353
Which party is currently leading the provincial government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (as of 2025)?
(a) ANP
(b) JUI-F
(c) PTI (backed by SIC)
(d) PML-N
Explanation: Following the 2024 elections, PTI-backed candidates who joined the SIC formed the provincial government in KP, with Ali Amin Gandapur as the Chief Minister.
#1354
Who is the current Chief of Army Staff (COAS) of Pakistan as of late 2025?
(a) General Qamar Javed Bajwa
(b) General Asim Munir
(c) General Sahir Shamshad Mirza
(d) General Nadeem Anjum
Explanation: General Asim Munir assumed the office of COAS in November 2022, succeeding General Bajwa. His tenure has been marked by a strong emphasis on economic revival through the SIFC and maintaining institutional integrity after the May 9 events.
#1355
In 2024 and 2025, a major point of contention between the government and digital rights activists was the implementation of what technology?
(a) 5G Networks
(b) National Firewall
(c) Digital Rupee
(d) E-Voting Machines
Explanation: The installation of a 'National Firewall' for content filtering and the resulting internet slowdowns became a massive controversy in 2024-2025. Civil society and IT experts argued that it would harm the freelance economy and restricted the right to information and free digital communication.
#1356
Which segment of civil society was most vocal in 2025 regarding the high inflation and cost of living in Pakistan?
(a) Upper-class industrialists
(b) Traders' associations and labor unions
(c) Foreign diplomats
(d) The judiciary
Explanation: In 2024 and 2025, several nationwide strikes (shutter-down strikes) were organized by traders' associations and labor unions to protest high electricity tariffs and rising taxes, showcasing the power of organized economic interest groups in civil society.
#1357
In the context of 2025 digital governance, what does 'E-Governance' mean in Pakistan?
(a) Ruling through Twitter
(b) Digitalization of government services to improve transparency and efficiency
(c) Selling electronics in government offices
(d) A system where only robots can vote
Explanation: E-Governance initiatives in Pakistan (like the Punjab IT Board's projects) aim to reduce the interface between civil servants and the public, thereby reducing corruption and providing better access to documents like driving licenses and land records.
#1358
In 2025, civil society activists expressed concern over the use of which technology for 'facial recognition' in urban areas?
(a) Safe City Projects
(b) Smart Watches
(c) Netflix
(d) Digital Radios
Explanation: Safe City Projects in major cities like Lahore and Islamabad use AI and facial recognition for security. Civil society groups have raised concerns about the lack of a 'Data Protection Law' and the potential for these systems to be used for political surveillance.
#1359
Which city was ranked as South Asia's cleanest city in 2025, a point highlighted by local civil society as a model for urban management?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: In 2025, Islamabad was recognized as the cleanest city in South Asia. This was celebrated by local environmental groups as a success of urban planning, despite the challenges of rapid urbanization and waste management in the country.
#1360
The 'Niazi vs. State' cases in 2024-2025 involving 'missing' social media activists were primarily handled through which legal writ?
(a) Habeas Corpus
(b) Certiorari
(c) Quo Warranto
(d) Prohibition
Explanation: The writ of Habeas Corpus ('produce the body') is the primary legal tool used by civil society lawyers to demand the release of individuals allegedly abducted by state agencies for their online or political activities.