October 2025 Edition
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October 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#1581
The future of SAARC, according to Pakistan's 2025 foreign policy stance, depends on:
(a) Total isolation
(b) Overcoming political deadlock and implementing regional connectivity
(c) Merging with the European Union
(d) Disbanding the organization
Explanation: Pakistan consistently maintains that for SAARC to succeed, it must move past political stalemate. The 2025 policy emphasizes that the organization's future lies in its ability to implement the 'South Asian Free Trade Area' and the 'SAARC Railway Agreement' to unlock economic potential.
#1582
Pakistan hosted which major SCO gathering for the first time in October 2024?
(a) Council of Heads of State (CHS)
(b) Council of Heads of Government (CHG)
(c) RATS Annual Conference
(d) SCO Business Forum
Explanation: Pakistan hosted the 23rd meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of Government (CHG) in Islamabad on October 15-16, 2024. This was a significant diplomatic milestone for Pakistan, as it brought together leaders including the Chinese Premier, the Russian Prime Minister, and the Indian External Affairs Minister to discuss regional trade, digital economy, and climate change. It marked the first visit by an Indian Foreign Minister to Pakistan in nine years.
#1583
Which Pakistani city was declared as South Asia's cleanest city in 2025, a point of pride highlighted during the SCO urban development forums?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: Islamabad was officially ranked as the cleanest city in South Asia in 2025. This achievement was showcased during regional discussions within the SCO framework as a model for sustainable urban development and municipal efficiency. The ranking reflects the success of robust waste management policies and environmental initiatives that align with the SCO's focus on green governance and the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
#1584
Pakistan launched which communication satellite in 2025 that supports the SCO's goals for regional digital connectivity?
(a) PRSS-2
(b) PakSat-MM1
(c) Badr-C
(d) PakSat-1R
Explanation: Pakistan launched the PakSat-MM1 communication satellite in 2025 to enhance its digital infrastructure. This multi-mission satellite provides high-capacity data services that facilitate regional digital connectivity, e-commerce, and data sharing—themes that are central to the SCO's 2024-2025 digital agenda. The satellite helps Pakistan assert its digital sovereignty while contributing to the 'Digital Silk Road' vision within the Eurasian region.
#1585
Which landmark document was issued at the conclusion of the October 2024 SCO summit hosted in Islamabad?
(a) Lahore Declaration
(b) Islamabad Declaration
(c) Astana Vision 2030
(d) Jeddah Communiqué
Explanation: The 23rd SCO-CHG meeting concluded with the signing of the 'Islamabad Declaration.' This joint communiqué emphasized the need for a more equitable global economic order, rejected unilateral sanctions and 'protectionist' trade measures, and called for enhanced cooperation in the fields of transport, energy security, and digital trade. It served as a roadmap for regional cooperation during Pakistan's tenure as the host.
#1586
Which high-ranking Russian official visited Islamabad in October 2024 to participate in the SCO Council of Heads of Government meeting?
(a) Vladimir Putin
(b) Mikhail Mishustin
(c) Sergey Lavrov
(d) Dmitry Medvedev
Explanation: Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin visited Islamabad for the 2024 SCO summit. His visit included high-level bilateral talks where both nations discussed the 'Pakistan Stream' gas pipeline, the trade of discounted crude oil, and the use of local currencies for bilateral trade. This engagement highlighted the warming ties between Islamabad and Moscow facilitated by their shared membership in the SCO.
#1587
Which Pakistani city was declared as South Asia's cleanest city in 2025, a point of pride highlighted during SCO urban development forums?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: Islamabad was ranked as the cleanest city in South Asia in 2025. This achievement was showcased in regional SCO forums to promote sustainable urban management and green initiatives. The capital's success in waste management and preservation of green belts aligns with the SCO's focus on environmental protection and sustainable development goals.
#1588
Pakistan launched which communication satellite in 2025 to support regional connectivity goals often discussed within the SCO framework?
(a) PRSS-2
(b) PakSat-MM1
(c) Badr-C
(d) PakSat-1R
Explanation: Pakistan launched the PakSat-MM1 communication satellite in 2025. This advanced satellite enhances high-speed internet and digital services, facilitating better telecommunication and data sharing within the SCO region. This launch supports the 'Digital Silk Road' vision and helps bridge the connectivity gap between Pakistan and its North-Western SCO neighbors.
#1589
Which high-ranking Russian official visited Islamabad in October 2024 for the SCO Council of Heads of Government meeting?
(a) Vladimir Putin
(b) Mikhail Mishustin
(c) Sergey Lavrov
(d) Dmitry Medvedev
Explanation: Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin visited Islamabad in October 2024 for the SCO-CHG meeting. His visit included high-level bilateral talks where both nations discussed the 'Pakistan Stream' gas pipeline and the trade of discounted crude oil. This engagement highlighted the warming ties between Islamabad and Moscow facilitated by their shared membership in the SCO.
#1590
Which SCO member is Pakistan's largest supplier of discounted crude oil as of late 2024 and early 2025?
(a) China
(b) Russia
(c) Kazakhstan
(d) Uzbekistan
Explanation: Following the global shift in energy markets, Pakistan began importing discounted crude oil from Russia in 2023. By 2024 and 2025, this has become a key pillar of Pakistan's energy security strategy. The SCO provides a diplomatic framework for the two nations to settle payments and navigate international logistics challenges.
#1591
In 2025, Pakistan and Uzbekistan agreed to finalize which trilateral project that also involves Afghanistan?
(a) CPEC Phase III
(b) Trans-Afghan Railway
(c) TAPI Pipeline
(d) Indus Water Link
Explanation: The Trans-Afghan Railway project (Termez–Mazar-i-Sharif–Kabul–Peshawar) is a top priority for Pakistan and Uzbekistan. In 2025, both nations reaffirmed their commitment to this project within the SCO framework to provide landlocked Central Asian states with the shortest route to the Arabian Sea via Pakistani ports.
#1592
In 2025, which international body's President visited Pakistan and acknowledged the country's role as South Asia's digital and green leader?
(a) World Bank
(b) UN General Assembly (President of the 79th Session)
(c) NATO
(d) Interpol
Explanation: The President of the UNGA visited Pakistan in early 2025. During the visit, they lauded Pakistan's progress in sustainable urban development and its 'Digital Pakistan' vision, which align with the regional goals of both the SCO and the UN's Sustainable Development Agenda.
#1593
In 2025, Pakistan and ______ discussed a 'Sister Port' agreement between Gwadar and a major regional port?
(a) Oman
(b) Iran (Chabahar)
(c) UAE
(d) Russia
Explanation: While often seen as competitors, Pakistan and Iran have moved toward a 'sister port' arrangement between Gwadar and Chabahar. In late 2024 and 2025, discussions focused on making the two ports complementary hubs for the SCO's maritime-to-land transit routes.
#1594
What is the primary export of Pakistan to the Central Asian SCO members as of 2024-2025?
(a) Crude oil
(b) Textiles, Pharmaceuticals, and Surgical Goods
(c) Heavy tanks
(d) Wood
Explanation: Pakistan remains a leading supplier of textiles and specialized surgical instruments to the Central Asian market. Additionally, Pakistani pharmaceutical products have gained significant market share in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan due to their quality and affordable prices.
#1595
Which Pakistani city hosted the first-ever 'SCO Digital Investment Summit' in early 2025?
(a) Karachi
(b) Islamabad
(c) Lahore
(d) Peshawar
Explanation: Islamabad hosted the inaugural SCO Digital Investment Summit in 2025. The event aimed to attract venture capital from SCO nations into Pakistan's tech startup ecosystem and to promote the development of 'Smart Cities' based on the Islamabad model.
#1596
The 2024-2025 relationship between Pakistan and Central Asian SCO members is best summarized by which phrase?
(a) State of war
(b) Geo-economic Partnership and Connectivity
(c) Total economic boycott
(d) Religious merger
Explanation: Pakistan's current focus is on turning its geographical location into a 'land-bridge.' The strategy involves transit trade agreements and the development of rail and road links to Central Asia, fulfilling the economic vision of the SCO Charter.
#1597
Which Pakistani city was declared as South Asia's cleanest city in 2025?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: Islamabad was officially ranked as the cleanest city in South Asia in 2025. This recognition highlights the capital's success in implementing sustainable waste management policies, preserving green spaces, and maintaining high environmental standards, which are key objectives discussed in various Commonwealth municipal and environmental forums.
#1598
Pakistan launched which satellite in 2025 to boost its digital infrastructure and connectivity?
(a) PRSS-2
(b) PakSat-MM1
(c) Badr-C
(d) PakSat-1R
Explanation: Pakistan launched the PakSat-MM1 communication satellite in 2025. This advanced multi-mission satellite provides high-speed internet and digital services across the country and the region, supporting the Commonwealth's goals for bridging the digital divide and enhancing technological cooperation among member states.
#1599
Where was the 27th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) held in October 2024?
(a) Rwanda
(b) Samoa
(c) United Kingdom
(d) Sri Lanka
Explanation: The 2024 CHOGM was held in Apia, Samoa. It was the first time the meeting was hosted by a Pacific small island developing state. The Pakistani delegation at the summit focused on advocating for climate justice, referring to the devastating 2022 floods, and sought increased support from the Commonwealth Climate Finance Access Hub.
#1600
How many member states are currently in the Commonwealth of Nations as of late 2025?
(a) 52
(b) 54
(c) 56
(d) 58
Explanation: As of late 2025, the Commonwealth of Nations consists of 56 member states. The organization has expanded beyond its original British Empire roots to include countries like Rwanda, Mozambique, Gabon, and Togo, who were not former British colonies. Pakistan remains one of the largest and most influential members of this diverse group.