October 2025 Edition
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October 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#1861
Which international convention related to weapons of mass destruction did Pakistan sign on October 28, 1997?
(a) Chemical Weapons convention
(b) Missile Technology convention
(c) Nuclear Weapons convention
(d) none of these
Explanation: Pakistan signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1997, committing to the prohibition of the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons. This treaty is monitored by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). By signing, Pakistan aligned itself with the global consensus against the use of toxic chemicals as weapons of war.
#1862
Which military operation was launched by the United States and the Northern Alliance on October 7, 2001, marking the beginning of the war in Afghanistan?
(a) Operation New Dawn
(b) Operation Panther’s Claw
(c) Operation Enduring Freedom
(d) Operation Strike of sword
Explanation: Operation Enduring Freedom was the official name used by the U.S. government for the military campaign in Afghanistan that began on October 7, 2001. This operation was initiated in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks, with the primary objectives of dismantling the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization and removing the Taliban regime from power in Afghanistan due to its support for Al-Qaeda.
#1863
By late October 1947, what were the outcomes of the tribal-led rebellion in Kashmir following the unrest of August and September?
(a) all of these
(b) capturing several towns
(c) advancing within four miles of the capital, Srinagar
(d) massacring large number of civilians
Explanation: The rebellion in Kashmir, fueled by local unrest and supported by tribal forces from the North-West Frontier Province, escalated rapidly. By late October 1947, these forces had captured various towns and advanced significantly toward Srinagar, the capital, causing widespread instability and civilian casualties, which ultimately prompted the Maharaja to seek military assistance from India.
#1864
What is the term for the first six-monthly crop inspection conducted in the month of October?
(a) Kharif Girdawri
(b) Both B and C
(c) Rabbi Girdawri
(d) Zaid Girdawri
Explanation: In the agricultural revenue system of Pakistan, Girdawari refers to the inspection of crops. The Kharif crop is sown in summer and harvested in autumn, with the inspection typically occurring in October. Conversely, the Rabi crop is inspected later in the spring. Therefore, the October inspection is specifically identified as the Kharif Girdawari.
#1865
For what duration was the Muhammad Ali Formula debated by the Constituent Assembly in October?
(a) 10 days
(b) 15 days
(c) 12 days
(d) 13 days
Explanation: The Muhammad Ali Bogra Formula was a significant attempt to resolve the deadlock regarding representation in Pakistan's early constitutional history. When presented to the Constituent Assembly in October 1953, the proposal underwent intense scrutiny and deliberation. Historical records indicate that the assembly members engaged in a thorough debate over the formula for exactly 13 days before moving toward further legislative processes.
#1866
Following the Governor-General's dissolution of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on October 24, 1954, Maulvi Tamiz-ud-Din Khan filed a legal challenge. Under which specific section of the Government of India Act, 1935, was this writ petition filed?
(a) 224-A of the Government of India Act, 1935
(b) 225-A of the Government of India Act, 1935
(c) 228-A of the Government of India Act, 1935
(d) 223-A of the Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation: Maulvi Tamiz-ud-Din Khan filed a writ petition in the Sindh Chief Court challenging the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. He invoked Section 223-A of the Government of India Act, 1935, which had been inserted by the Constituent Assembly to empower High Courts to issue prerogative writs. This case, known as the Tamizuddin Khan case, became a landmark constitutional dispute regarding the limits of executive power in early Pakistan.
#1867
Following the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan in October 1951, Ghulam Muhammad assumed the role of Governor-General; who was subsequently appointed as the new Prime Minister?
(a) Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din
(b) Chaudhry Zafarullah Khan
(c) Ghulam Muhammad
(d) Fazal-ur-Rehman
Explanation: After the tragic assassination of Pakistan's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, in 1951, Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din, who was serving as the Governor-General, stepped down from that role to become the Prime Minister. Ghulam Muhammad, who was the Finance Minister, was then appointed as the new Governor-General, setting the stage for future executive-legislative conflicts.
#1868
During the month of October, for how many days did the Constituent Assembly engage in the formal debate regarding the Muhammad Ali Formula?
(a) 15 days
(b) 12 days
(c) 10 days
(d) 13 days
Explanation: The Muhammad Ali Formula was a critical proposal aimed at resolving the deadlock over representation in the federal legislature. The Constituent Assembly dedicated 13 days in October to debating this formula. The discussions were intense, reflecting the difficulty of balancing the interests of the various provinces and the two wings of the country. Despite the extensive debate, the formula was eventually overtaken by the political events that led to the assembly's dissolution.
#1869
Following the assassination of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in October 1951, who was appointed as his successor to the office of Prime Minister?
(a) Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din
(b) Fazal-ur-Rehman
(c) Ghulam Muhammad
(d) Ch.Zafarullah Khan
Explanation: Upon the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan, the Governor-General Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din resigned from his position to become the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Ghulam Muhammad, who was the Finance Minister at the time, was subsequently appointed as the new Governor-General, marking a significant shift in the political leadership of the early Pakistani state.
#1870
In which year did the Yom Kippur War, also referred to as the October War, take place?
(a) 1978
(b) 1965
(c) 1975
(d) 1973
Explanation: The Yom Kippur War was fought in October 1973 between a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel. The conflict began when the Arab coalition launched a surprise attack on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. The war had significant geopolitical consequences, including the 1973 oil crisis and subsequent diplomatic shifts in the Middle East.
#1871
According to United Nations projections, what was the estimated average global life expectancy by 2025?
(a) 54
(b) 46
(c) 71
(d) 80
Explanation: The United Nations has historically tracked global demographic trends, including life expectancy. The figure of 71 years was a widely cited projection for the mid-2020s, reflecting improvements in global health, nutrition, and medical technology over the preceding decades.
#1872
According to United Nations projections, what is the estimated global average life expectancy by the year 2025?
(a) 71
(b) 54
(c) 80
(d) 46
Explanation: The United Nations has projected that by 2025, the average life expectancy worldwide will reach 71 years, indicating a steady increase in human lifespan due to advances in healthcare and living standards.
#1873
Which urban center is projected to be the most populous megacity by the year 2025?
(a) New York
(b) Mumbai
(c) Beijing
(d) Tokyo
Explanation: Tokyo has historically maintained its status as the world's most populous metropolitan area for several decades. Demographic projections consistently identified it as the largest megacity leading up to 2025 due to its massive urban sprawl and high population density, despite shifts in global growth patterns.
#1874
Which metropolitan area is projected to maintain the largest population by 2025?
(a) Mumbai
(b) Beijing
(c) Tokyo
(d) New York
Explanation: According to United Nations demographic projections, Tokyo is expected to remain the world's most populous megacity by 2025. This status is attributed to its sustained role as a global economic hub, high density, and the continued concentration of human and capital resources within the Greater Tokyo Area, despite Japan's overall aging population trends.
#1875
Consider the following statements about Pakistan's engagement with the SCO: 1. Pakistan hosted the Meeting of the Council of Heads of Government in October 2024. 2. Pakistan leads an SCO working group specifically focused on poverty alleviation. 3. The SCO was originally formed in 2001 as a security cooperation group. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All three
Explanation: All three statements are factually accurate. Pakistan hosted the 2024 government-level meeting, chairs the poverty alleviation working group, and the SCO was indeed founded in 2001 with a primary focus on security. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2008079/pakistan-to-assume-chairmanship-of-sco-council-of-heads-of-states-in-september, 15 Jun 2026]
#1876
Consider the following statements about the US-Pakistan trade negotiations as of July 2026: 1. Pakistan successfully negotiated a reduction in the initial IEEPA-based tariff from 29 per cent to 19 per cent in 2025. 2. The temporary global tariff of 10 per cent imposed under Section 122 is scheduled to expire on July 24, 2026. 3. India is currently facing a lower proposed tariff under Section 301 than Pakistan. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All three
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct regarding the 2025 tariff reduction. Statement 2 is correct as the Section 122 tariff has a 150-day statutory limit expiring on July 24, 2026. Statement 3 is incorrect because India faces a 12.5% tariff, which is higher than Pakistan's 10%. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2016679/finance-minister-aurangzeb-arrives-in-us-on-3-day-visit-expected-to-hold-talks-on-trade-finance-investment, 19 Jul 2026]
#1877
Consider the following statements about the BPS-2026 notification: 1. The new pay scales apply to federal civil employees paid from both civil and defence estimates. 2. Employees posted abroad are eligible to receive the Ad hoc Relief Allowance-2026 during their foreign tenure. 3. The 2022 and 2025 ad hoc relief allowances were abolished upon the implementation of the new scales. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All three
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as the notification covers both civil and defence estimates. Statement 3 is correct as the 2022 and 2025 allowances were merged and abolished. Statement 2 is incorrect because employees posted abroad are explicitly excluded from receiving the allowance during their foreign posting. [Source: https://www.brecorder.com/news/40431195/salary-increase-notified-govt-issues-revised-bps-2026-for-civil-servants, 22 Jul 2026]
#1878
According to the Economic Survey 2025-26, what was the total wheat production in Pakistan for FY26?
(a) 28.40 million tonnes
(b) 29.61 million tonnes
(c) 31.20 million tonnes
(d) None of these
Explanation: The Economic Survey 2025-26 reported that wheat production increased to 29.61 million tonnes in FY26, up from 28.40 million tonnes in the previous fiscal year. Option A represents the production figure for FY25, making it a plausible but incorrect distractor. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018192/private-sector-rejects-govt-wheat-import-plan, 25 Jul 2026]
#1879
The primary surplus achieved by Pakistan during the period of July 2025 to April 2026 was:
(a) 3.5 percent of GDP
(b) 3.0 percent of GDP
(c) 2.5 percent of GDP
(d) 4.0 percent of GDP
Explanation: Effective expenditure management and revenue mobilization efforts enabled the government to achieve a primary surplus of 3.5 percent of GDP during the Jul-Apr period of the 2026 fiscal year. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2011978/govt-expects-easing-inflationary-pressure-in-new-fiscal-year-following-reopening-of-strait-of-hormuz, 30 Jun 2026]
#1880
According to the Ministry of Finance, the current account recorded a surplus of how much during the period of July 2025 to May 2026?
(a) 155 million dollars
(b) 255 million dollars
(c) 355 million dollars
(d) None of these
Explanation: The external sector remained stable, with the current account recording a surplus of 255 million dollars during the Jul-May period of the 2026 fiscal year, supported by remittances and IT exports. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2011978/govt-expects-easing-inflationary-pressure-in-new-fiscal-year-following-reopening-of-strait-of-hormuz, 30 Jun 2026]