International Law MCQs with Answers & Explanations

Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, which is recognized in international law, diplomatic immunity generally protects agents from civil jurisdiction. However, an exception exists for professional or commercial activities exercised by the diplomatic agent in the receiving state outside their official functions. The source answer suggests they can be sued, which aligns with the commercial activity exception to immunity.

Article 38(1) of the ICJ Statute lists international conventions, international custom, general principles of law, and judicial decisions as the primary sources of international law.

Jus cogens norms, as defined in Article 53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, are fundamental principles that override any conflicting treaty or custom.

Pacta sunt servanda is a foundational principle of international law codified in Article 26 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, requiring states to perform treaties in good faith.

Dualism posits that international law and domestic law are distinct legal systems, requiring international rules to be incorporated into national law to be enforceable.

Customary international law requires both consistent state practice and opinio juris, which is the belief that such practice is required by a legal obligation.

Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention lists population, territory, government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states as the criteria for statehood; UN recognition is not a legal requirement.

The International Court of Justice, based in The Hague, was established by the UN Charter in 1945 as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.

Sovereign immunity is a principle of international law that prevents a state from being sued in the courts of another sovereign state without its consent.

The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides the comprehensive legal framework for the formation, interpretation, and termination of international treaties.

The active personality principle allows a state to exercise jurisdiction over its citizens for crimes committed anywhere in the world.

Adopted in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights serves as the foundational document for international human rights standards.

Derived from the 1927 SS Lotus case, the principle holds that restrictions upon the independence of states cannot be presumed, allowing freedom of action unless prohibited.

The League of Nations was established in 1920 following World War I and served as the first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

Under Article 2(1)(d) of the Vienna Convention, a reservation is a unilateral statement made by a state when signing or ratifying a treaty to exclude or modify the legal effect of certain provisions.

Monism asserts that international and domestic law form a single legal system, with international law occupying a higher hierarchical position.