PPSC Junior Clerk 2022

The Horticultural Society of India, now known as the Indian Academy of Horticultural Sciences, was founded on January 1, 1942. Its initial headquarters were located in Lyallpur, Punjab (now in Pakistan). Following the partition of India in 1947, the headquarters were relocated to Delhi in March 1949. The society has played a pivotal role in promoting horticultural research and development across the country since its inception during the pre-independence era.

The 'Peace Mission' is a series of biennial multi-national military exercises focused on counter-terrorism. Participation of Pakistani troops in these drills alongside Chinese, Russian, and Indian counterparts highlights the organization's goal of fostering interoperability for regional stability.

The genus Chlamydomonas is highly diverse, containing a large number of species. While taxonomic counts vary due to ongoing molecular research and reclassification, 150 is the figure traditionally cited in many botanical textbooks for this genus.

Ingratiate (اپنے آپ کو پسند کرانا) means to bring oneself into favor with someone by flattering or trying to please them.
Flatter (چاپلوسی کرنا) matches the meaning of "ingratiate."
Alienate (دور کرنا) means to cause someone to feel isolated or estranged.
Displease (ناخوش کرنا) means to make someone feel unhappy or unsatisfied.
Offend (رنجیدہ کرنا) means to cause someone to feel upset or annoyed.

Mechanical composting, also known as rapid or accelerated composting, utilizes specialized equipment to control aeration, moisture, and temperature. This process significantly accelerates the decomposition of organic matter compared to traditional windrow composting, typically achieving stabilization within a short timeframe of 3 to 6 days.

In gymnosperms, the ovule is protected by one or more layers of tissue known as integuments. These integuments eventually develop into the seed coat after fertilization. The presence of these protective layers is a key feature of seed-bearing plants, providing defense for the developing embryo against desiccation and mechanical damage before the seed is dispersed.

To remove a sheet from an Excel workbook, the standard procedure involves selecting the specific sheet tab and choosing the delete option.

Government securities (G-Secs) represent the largest portion of the debt market in India. These are tradable instruments issued by the central or state governments to meet their financing requirements. They are considered low-risk and are highly liquid, making them the preferred choice for institutional investors and the primary component of the debt market.

Force is defined as mass times acceleration, measured in Newtons (N). Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity, also measured in Newtons. Since both represent a force, they share the same SI unit.

The 'Number' format is intended for general numeric values. While it allows for the configuration of decimal places, thousands separators, and the display style for negative numbers, it does not include currency symbols, as those are specific to the 'Currency' or 'Accounting' formats.

The Iranian Plateau is geographically bounded to the east by the high mountain systems of the Hindu Kush and Sulaiman Ranges, which run through Afghanistan and Pakistan and mark the transition to the Indian subcontinent.

Maryam, the daughter of Imran, is one of the most honored women in Islam. She gave birth to Isa (AS) miraculously without a father, by Allah’s will. She is praised for her purity and devotion. Surah Maryam in the Qur’an narrates her story in detail.

A cable length is a nautical unit of measure equal to one tenth of a nautical mile or approximately 100 fathoms (600-608 feet).

Seventy-three men and two women from Yathrib met the Prophet (SAW) and pledged their military protection and support. This provided the formal invitation and security required for the subsequent migration (Hijrah) of the Muslim community.

Risala e Tahleelia (Israr e Tauheed and La ilaha, against Akbar’s Bida’at).

A standard track and field hurdle is designed in an 'L' shape. This configuration allows the base to extend forward, providing stability so that the hurdle stays upright during the race, while the vertical part supports the crossbar. This design is essential for the hurdle to tip over correctly when hit by an athlete.

A famous stone sculpture of a bearded man was discovered during excavations at Mohenjodaro. The figure is depicted with half-closed eyes in a meditative posture and wearing an embroidered cloak over the left shoulder. Many scholars believe this bust may represent a priest.

Average Accounting Return (AAR) is calculated by dividing the average net income of a project by its average book value over the project's life. It is a simple profitability metric that uses accounting data rather than cash flows. While easy to compute, it is often criticized for ignoring the time value of money and relying on accounting conventions rather than economic reality.

In a standard hierarchical chart, the top position (president) is the first level. The individuals reporting directly to the president (vice presidents) occupy the **second level**.

Anthesis, the period during which a flower is fully open and functional, follows specific circadian rhythms in many plant species. In the case of Allium cepa, the process of anthesis generally begins in the early morning hours, typically around 7:00 am. This timing is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and light intensity, which trigger the opening of the florets for pollination.