Newton’s Law of Gravitation MCQs

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Topic Notes: Newton’s Law of Gravitation

Quick Revision 3 min read 16 key points CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC

Section 1 of 4

Section:

1 1. Background and Meaning

4 points

Definition

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation: States that every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Theory

Mathematical Expression: F = G(m1m2)/r², where F is the gravitational force, G is the universal gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the distance between the centers of the two masses.
Fact

Nature of Force: Gravitational force is always attractive in nature, acts along the line joining the centers of the two masses, and is a conservative force.
Fact

Action-Reaction Pair: According to Newton's third law, the force exerted by mass A on mass B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by mass B on mass A.

2 2. Key Terms and Constants

4 points

Definition Jan 2024

Gravitational Constant (G): A physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects. Its value is approximately 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg². as of Jan 2024
Fact

Universality of G: G is a universal constant, meaning its value remains the same regardless of the medium between the masses or the location in the universe.
Fact

Inverse Square Law: The force of gravity follows an inverse square relationship, meaning if the distance between two objects is doubled, the gravitational force becomes one-fourth of its original value.
Fact

Point Masses: Newton's law strictly applies to point masses. For spherical bodies, the law holds as if the entire mass of the sphere were concentrated at its geometric center.

3 3. Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)

4 points

Theory

Relation to g: The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet is given by g = GM/R², where M is the mass of the planet and R is its radius.
Fact

Mass vs. Radius: If the density of a planet remains constant, g is directly proportional to the radius of the planet (g ∝ R).
Fact

Density Dependence: If the radius of a planet is kept constant and its density is doubled, the acceleration due to gravity (g) will also double, as g is directly proportional to density (ρ).
Fact

Variation with Altitude: The value of g decreases as one moves away from the surface of the earth, following the inverse square law relative to the distance from the center.

4 4. Common Confusions and Exam Traps

4 points

Comparison

G vs. g: G is the Universal Gravitational Constant (same everywhere), while g is the acceleration due to gravity (varies based on location, mass, and radius of the celestial body).
Exam Trap

Shell Theorem Trap: Inside a uniform spherical shell, the net gravitational force on any particle is zero, regardless of the particle's position within the shell.
Exam Trap

Mass vs. Weight: Gravitational force (weight) depends on the mass of the object and the local gravitational field, whereas mass is an intrinsic property of the object that remains constant.
Comparison

Force vs. Acceleration: Gravitational force is proportional to the product of two masses, but the acceleration of an object in a gravitational field is independent of the object's own mass (equivalence principle).

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The increasing and decreasing of tides is an example of

Concept: #Newton’sLawOfGravitation #Gravitation&Astrophysics #Physics

Which of the following statements concerning G and g is true?

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If the radius of earth is expressed by R and mass of the earth is represented by M, the ratio of gravitational acceleration (g) to the universal gravitational constant (G), i.e. (g/G) on the surface of the earth is:

Concept: #Newton’sLawOfGravitation #Gravitation&Astrophysics #Physics

The gravitational force between two point masses m1 and m2 at separation r is given by F = k m1 m2 / r^2. The constant k

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Two astronauts have abandoned their spaceship in a section of space far from the gravitational attraction of any other body. Both have a mass of 100 kg and are 100 m apart. Both are primarily at rest as compared to one another. How long will it be before the gravitational attraction brings them 1 cm closer to each other?

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The time period of an artificial satellite in a circular orbit is independent of

Concept: #Newton’sLawOfGravitation #Gravitation&Astrophysics #Physics

A solid sphere of uniform density and radius 4 units is located with its centre at the origin O of coordinates. Two spheres of equal radius 1 unit, with their centres at A (-2, 0, 0) and B (2, 0, 0) respectively, are taken out of the solid, leaving behind spherical cavities as shown in the figure. Then

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A The gravitational potential is the same at all points on the circle y^2 + z^2 = 4 B The gravitational potential is same at all points of the circle y^2 + z^2 = 36 C The gravitational force at point B (2, 0, 0) is zero D The gravitational force due to this object at the origin is zero

When a body reaches its maximum height then what is the value of its final velocity?

Concept: #Newton’sLawOfGravitation #Gravitation&Astrophysics #Physics

The length of a seconds pendulum on the earth where g is 9.8 m/s² is 1 m. The length of a seconds pendulum on a planet where g = 4.9 m/s² will be

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It is true that G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2 and this value throughout the universe

Concept: #Newton’sLawOfGravitation #Gravitation&Astrophysics #Physics

Pedagogical Syllabus Blueprint

Newton’s Law of Gravitation MCQs: Preparation Strategy & Exam Blueprint

Examination Weightage & Commission Distribution

In Pakistan's premier competitive examinations—including the Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC General Recruitment & CSS MPT), Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC Lecturer, Tehsildar & PMS Screening), KPPSC, SPSC, and BPSC—questions derived from Newton’s Law of Gravitation MCQs consistently constitute a decisive 10% to 25% weightage of the Gravitation & Astrophysics paper. Testing agencies frequently evaluate both foundational factual recall and deeper analytical comprehension, requiring aspirants to master key dates, statutory articles, constitutional clauses, and thematic definitions.

High-Yield Conceptual Pillars & Distractor Analysis

Historical trend analysis across past five-year examination cycles demonstrates that examiner traps frequently involve closely matched numerical alternatives, chronologically contiguous treaties, and semantic subtleties in statutory phraseology. When preparing Newton’s Law of Gravitation MCQs, candidates must deliberately review the underlying rationale provided for every question rather than merely memorizing raw answer options. Understanding why incorrect distractors fail is the most reliable predictor of achieving top percentiles in computerized and optical mark recognition (OMR) screening tests.

Negative Marking Mitigation & Time Management Protocol

For examinations enforcing negative marking penalties (such as PPSC's 0.25-mark deduction per erroneous response or NTS gatekeeper quotas), an aggressive elimination technique must be deployed. Candidates should systematically rule out improbable options first to elevate probability thresholds from 25% to 50% or 100%. Allocating an average of 45 to 60 seconds per item during mock trials builds the psychological stamina and cognitive precision required to complete 100-question papers within official 90-minute time limits.

Recommended Reference Sources & Statutory Reading

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Solved Questions

High-Yield Exam Revision Cheat Sheet & Mnemonics

Topic Notes: Newton’s Law of Gravitation

1 1. Background and Meaning

2 2. Key Terms and Constants

3 3. Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)

4 4. Common Confusions and Exam Traps

Newton’s Law of Gravitation MCQs: Preparation Strategy & Exam Blueprint

Examination Weightage & Commission Distribution

High-Yield Conceptual Pillars & Distractor Analysis

Negative Marking Mitigation & Time Management Protocol

Recommended Reference Sources & Statutory Reading

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