General Knowledge MCQs
Topic Notes: General Knowledge
MCQs and preparation resources for competitive exams, covering important concepts, past papers, and detailed explanations.
Plato
- Biography: Ancient Greek philosopher (427–347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens.
- Important Ideas:
- Theory of Forms
- Philosopher-King
- Ideal State
20251
The 'Golden Age of Islam' generally refers to which period?
Answer:
Abbasid Caliphate
The Golden Age (عہدِ زریں) is mostly associated with the Abbasid Caliphate (8th to 13th century) due to massive advancements in science, medicine, and philosophy.
20252
Which Ottoman Sultan assumed the title of Caliph for the first time?
Answer:
Selim I
Sultan Selim I conquered Egypt in 1517 AD and assumed the title of Caliph, transferring the Caliphate from the Abbasids of Cairo to the Ottomans.
20253
Who was the first Muslim ruler to invade India (Sindh)?
Answer:
Muhammad bin Qasim
Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, conquered Sindh in 712 AD, marking the arrival of Islam in the Indian subcontinent.
20254
Who recaptured Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis) from the Crusaders in 1187 AD?
Answer:
Salahuddin Ayyubi
Sultan Salahuddin Ayyubi liberated Jerusalem following his decisive victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 AD.
20255
Which Muslim scientist is considered the 'Father of Algebra'?
Answer:
Al-Khwarizmi
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi wrote 'Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala', laying the foundation for Algebra (الجبر).
20256
Who conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 AD?
Answer:
Muhammad Al-Fatih (Mehmed II)
Sultan Mehmed II, known as Muhammad Al-Fatih (محمد الفاتح), conquered Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire.
20257
In which year did the Mongols under Hulagu Khan sack Baghdad?
Answer:
1258 AD
The Siege of Baghdad in 1258 AD by the Mongols marked the end of the Abbasid Caliphate and is considered a major catastrophe in Islamic history.
20258
The 'Bayt al-Hikmah' (House of Wisdom) was established by which Caliph?
Answer:
Al-Mamun
While Harun al-Rashid laid the foundations, Caliph Al-Mamun formally established and expanded the Bayt al-Hikmah (بیت الحکمہ) as a major intellectual center.
20259
Who is known as the 'Fifth Pious Caliph' of Islam?
Answer:
Umar bin Abdul Aziz
Umar bin Abdul Aziz (Umar II) is widely regarded as the Fifth Pious Caliph (خلیفہ راشد) due to his justice and piety during the Umayyad rule.
20260
The Tragedy of Karbala took place in which Hijri year?
Answer:
61 AH
The Tragedy of Karbala (واقعہ کربلا) occurred on the 10th of Muharram, 61 AH (680 AD), resulting in the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (RA).