The Vinaya Pitaka deals with the monastic rules and code of conduct (discipline) for the Sangha (monks and nuns).

Mahavira attained Kaivalya under a Sal tree on the banks of the river Rijupalika at the age of 42.

Syadvada (the doctrine of conditional predication) and Anekantavada (pluralism) are core philosophical concepts of Jainism.

Emperor Ashoka embraced Buddhism after the Kalinga War and sent missionaries to various parts of the world, including Sri Lanka and Central Asia.

Buddha attained Enlightenment (Nirvana) under a Pipal tree (Bodhi tree) at Bodh Gaya in Bihar.

Makkhali Gosala was a contemporary of Buddha and Mahavira and founded the Ajivika sect, which believed in absolute fatalism (Niyati).

The Jataka tales are voluminous bodies of literature concerning the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form.

Nirvana is the ultimate goal in Buddhism, representing the blowing out of desire and liberation from the cycle of birth and death (Samsara).

Jainism split into two major sects: Digambara (sky-clad/naked) and Svetambara (white-clad).

The Fourth Buddhist Council was held in Kashmir under the patronage of King Kanishka, and it was presided over by Vasumitra.