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13451
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Three Jewels' (Triratna) of Jainism?
A. Right Faith
B. Right Knowledge
C. Right Conduct
D. Right Livelihood
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Explanation
The Three Jewels of Jainism are Right Faith (Samyak Darshana), Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana), and Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra). Right Livelihood is part of Buddhism's Eightfold Path.
13452
The concept of 'Four Noble Truths' belongs to which religion?
A. Jainism
B. Buddhism
C. Hinduism
D. Sikhism
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Explanation
The Four Noble Truths (Arya Satya) are the core teachings of Buddha explaining the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation.
13453
Where was Mahavira born?
A. Pavapuri
B. Kundagrama
C. Rajgir
D. Pataliputra
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Explanation
Mahavira was born in Kundagrama, near Vaishali (in modern-day Bihar), in 540 BC (traditional date).
13454
Who was the first Tirthankara of Jainism?
A. Aristanemi
B. Parsvanatha
C. Ajitanatha
D. Rishabhanatha
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Explanation
Rishabhanatha (also known as Adinatha) is traditionally believed to be the founder and first Tirthankara of Jainism.
13455
In which language were the original Buddhist texts (Tripitakas) written?
A. Sanskrit
B. Pali
C. Prakrit
D. Hindi
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Explanation
Pali was the common language of the masses in that region, and Buddha preached in Pali to make his teachings accessible.
13456
The sacred books of Buddhism are known as:
A. Angas
B. Tripitakas
C. Upanishads
D. Jatakas
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Explanation
The Tripitakas (Three Baskets) are the traditional scriptures of Buddhism, comprising the Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
13457
Where did Gautama Buddha deliver his first sermon?
A. Bodh Gaya
B. Lumbini
C. Sarnath
D. Kushinagar
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Explanation
Buddha delivered his first sermon at the Deer Park in Sarnath. This event is known as 'Dharmachakrapravartana' (Turning of the Wheel of Law).
13458
Who was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism?
A. Rishabhanatha
B. Parsvanatha
C. Mahavira
D. Neminatha
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Explanation
Vardhamana Mahavira is considered the 24th Tirthankara. He is the most significant teacher in Jainism and consolidated the religion.
13459
What was the 'Sanghamukhya' in the context of Mauryan guilds?
A. Head of the Guild
B. Chief Priest
C. Military Chief
D. Village Elder
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Explanation
Guilds (Srenis) were an important part of the Mauryan economy, and the head of a guild was often referred to as the 'Sanghamukhya' or 'Sresthin'.
13460
Which pillar edict of Ashoka was shifted to Delhi by Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
A. Sanchi Pillar
B. Meerut and Topra Pillars
C. Allahabad Pillar
D. Rampurva Pillar
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Explanation
Firoz Shah Tughlaq transported two Ashokan pillars to Delhi: one from Topra (Haryana) and another from Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).
