Kabir (15th century) is the most prominent figure of cultural synthesis, preaching in the vernacular and criticizing the dogmas of both Hinduism and Islam while drawing from both traditions.

Shah Jahan commissioned the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore (1641-1642). The Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar was built by Jahangir, but Shah Jahan extended and beautified these garden traditions.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq is credited with building an extensive irrigation canal system (some still in use) and planting 1,200 fruit gardens around Delhi.

The Chhatri is a traditional Rajasthani/Hindu architectural element that was adopted by Mughal architects and used extensively in monuments like Fatehpur Sikri and the Taj Mahal.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq took a keen interest in translation. When he conquered Nagarkot, he collected Sanskrit books and had them translated into Persian (Dalayil-i-Firoz Shahi).

Qawwali is a form of Sufi devotional music performed at the Dargahs (shrines) of Sufi saints to induce a state of spiritual ecstasy (Wajd).

Akbar established the Din-i-Ilahi in 1582, combining elements of Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity, reflecting the cultural synthesis of his court.

The Muslims popularized stitched clothing in India, introducing the Kurta, Pajama, Sherwani, and Salwar Kameez, distinct from the unstitched draped clothing (like Dhoti/Sari) prevalent earlier.

Sulh-i-Kul (Peace with All) encouraged a culture of tolerance where arts, literature, and ideas from different religions could mix freely.

Babur wrote his memoirs, the 'Baburnama' (Tuzuk-i-Baburi), in his mother tongue, Chagatai Turkish. It is considered a masterpiece of autobiography.