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The MCQs below are drawn from the Social Work subject category.
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101
Who wrote the Persian works 'Bustan' (The Orchard) and 'Gulistan' (The Rose Garden) famous for moral and social wisdom?
A. Hafez
B. Rumi
C. Saadi
D. Omar Khayyam
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Explanation
Saadi is the author of Bustan and Gulistan, prose and poetic collections noted for ethical advice and social commentary.
102
Which Persian poet is the author of the Masnavi, a major Sufi didactic work?
A. Hafez
B. Saadi
C. Ferdowsi
D. Jalal ad-Din Rumi (Molana)
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Jalal ad-Din Rumi composed the Masnavi, a foundational Sufi poetic work of spiritual teaching and narrative.
103
Which of the following best describes the constitutional role of the Objectives Resolution in Pakistan's constitutional framework?
A. It provided the guiding principles and became the basic source for subsequent constitutions.
B. It was a temporary ordinance with no lasting legal effect.
C. It is a judicially created doctrine that supersedes statutory law.
D. It was a financial agreement between provinces and the federation.
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Explanation
The Objectives Resolution set out the guiding principles for Pakistan’s constitutions and has been treated as a foundational part of the constitutional framework.
104
Which core claim best reflects legal positivism in jurisprudence?
A. The validity of law depends on social facts and sources rather than its moral content.
B. Law and morality are identical; an immoral rule cannot be a law.
C. Legal rules derive validity solely from divine command.
D. Custom alone determines legal validity irrespective of enacted rules.
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Explanation
Legal positivism asserts that legal validity is determined by social sources and institutional facts rather than by the moral merit of the rule.
105
Who originally introduced the concept of 'gatekeeping' that later influenced studies of news selection?
A. Kurt Lewin
B. David Manning White
C. Harold Lasswell
D. Walter Lippmann
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Explanation
Kurt Lewin introduced gatekeeping in social psychology (1947), and the concept was later applied to media and news selection by scholars like David Manning White.
106
In the medieval period, Islam first spread to which Southeast Asian region primarily through trade and Sufi missionary activity rather than by conquest?
A. The Philippines
B. Malay Archipelago (including Indonesia and Malaysia)
C. Mainland Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
D. Northern Borneo exclusively through colonization by European powers
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Explanation
Islam reached the Malay Archipelago largely via Muslim merchants and Sufi missionaries along maritime trade networks, leading to widespread conversion in Indonesia and Malaysia.
107
Which proposition is central to constructivist theory in international relations?
A. State interests and identities are socially constructed through interaction and norms.
B. Military power is the sole determinant of international outcomes.
C. Global markets alone determine states' foreign policies.
D. International law has no influence on state behavior.
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Explanation
Constructivism argues that identities, norms, and social facts shape state interests and actions rather than fixed material factors.
108
Which statement best describes the longer-term legacy of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal?
A. It immediately and completely ended the Great Depression within two years of enactment.
B. It abolished all forms of private enterprise in favour of state ownership.
C. It expanded the federal government’s role in economic management and established social safety nets that persisted beyond the crisis.
D. It returned fiscal authority entirely to state governments and reduced federal intervention.
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Explanation
The New Deal broadened federal responsibility for economic stability and social welfare, creating institutions and policies that endured even though WWII completed economic recovery.
109
What was a central goal of Progressive Era reformers in the early 20th century?
A. To curb the power of large corporations and address social problems through regulation and public policy.
B. To dismantle urban public services in favour of private charity systems.
C. To return federal authority to pre-Constitutional confederate structures.
D. To expand the political franchise exclusively for property-owning men.
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Explanation
Progressives sought to limit corporate abuses, improve social welfare, and use government regulation to correct inequalities and corruption.
110
Which development during late 19th-century industrialisation most directly contributed to the rise of organised labour movements in the United States?
A. Widespread rural land reform that redistributed property to industrial workers.
B. Rapid growth of factories with long hours, low wages, and unsafe working conditions prompting collective action.
C. Federal policies mandating workplace profit-sharing between owners and employees.
D. A decline in immigrant labour that strengthened native-born workers’ bargaining power.
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Explanation
Harsh factory conditions, long hours, and inadequate pay led workers to form unions and organise strikes to demand better terms.
