#1301

Who served as the National Coordinator of NACTA as of early 2025?

(a) Rai Tahir

(b) Dr. Khalid Chauhan

(c) Ihsan Ghani

(d) Mehr Khaliq Dad Lak

Explanation: Dr. Khalid Chauhan was appointed as the National Coordinator of NACTA in February 2025.

#1302

Where was the All India Muslim League founded on December 30, 1906?

(a) Lahore

(b) Karachi

(c) Dhaka

(d) Lucknow

Explanation: The All India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka (Dacca) at the conclusion of the Muhammadan Educational Conference. The motion to form the party was moved by Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka.

#1303

The 'Day of Deliverance' was observed by the Muslim League on December 22, 1939, to celebrate:

(a) The passing of the Lahore Resolution

(b) The resignation of Congress Ministries

(c) The acceptance of Separate Electorates

(d) The end of World War II

Explanation: Jinnah appealed to Muslims to observe the 'Day of Deliverance' (Youm-e-Najat) to mark the end of the oppressive Congress rule after the Congress ministries resigned in protest against the War.

#1304

The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in December 1885 by __________.

(a) Mahatma Gandhi

(b) O. Hume

(c) W.C. Bonnerjee

(d) Dadabhai Naoroji

Explanation: Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, was the principal founder of the Indian National Congress. He organized the first session in Bombay to create a platform for civic and political dialogue.

#1305

Under the 27th Constitutional Amendment, which new apex military office was established and occupied in late 2025?

(a) Supreme Commander of Armed Forces

(b) Chief of Defence Forces (CDF)

(c) Chief of Joint Operations

(d) Field Commander Pakistan

Explanation: The 27th Constitutional Amendment, enacted in November 2025, restructured Pakistan's military command by creating the post of Chief of Defence Forces (CDF). General Asim Munir was designated as the first holder of this office, which centralizes operational command over the Army, Navy, and Air Force, effectively replacing the role of the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC).

#1306

What is the designated tenure for the newly created Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) as per the 2025 notification?

(a) 3 Years

(b) 4 Years

(c) 5 Years

(d) 6 Years

Explanation: According to the official notification issued in December 2025 following the 27th Amendment, the tenure for the Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) is set at five years. This extended term contrasts with the traditional three-year tenure for service chiefs, aiming to ensure continuity and stability in the highest level of military command.

#1307

Who became the second military officer in Pakistan's history to be elevated to the rank of Field Marshal in 2025?

(a) General Raheel Sharif

(b) General Qamar Javed Bajwa

(c) General Asim Munir

(d) General Sahir Shamshad Mirza

Explanation: In 2025, General Asim Munir was promoted to the five-star rank of Field Marshal, becoming only the second officer in Pakistan's history to hold this rank after Field Marshal Ayub Khan. This promotion coincided with his appointment as the first Chief of Defence Forces (CDF) under the 27th Constitutional Amendment, granting him lifetime privileges and immunity.

#1308

Why did Muslims observe the 'Day of Deliverance' on December 22, 1939?

(a) To celebrate the passing of the 1935 Act

(b) To mark the resignation of Congress Ministries in the provinces

(c) To celebrate the end of World War II

(d) To protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Explanation: Jinnah called for the 'Day of Deliverance' to celebrate the resignation of Congress ministries, arguing that Muslims had been freed from the 'tyranny, oppression, and injustice' of Congress rule during 1937-39.

#1309

In which city did the Muslim League approve its constitution in December 1907?

(a) Dacca

(b) Aligarh

(c) Karachi

(d) Calcutta

Explanation: While the All India Muslim League was founded in Dacca in 1906, its constitution was formally approved at its next session held in Karachi in December 1907.

#1310

Which new court was established by the Twenty-seventh Amendment (2025)?

(a) The Federal Shariat Court

(b) The Islamabad High Court

(c) The Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan

(d) The National Accountability Court

Explanation: Article 175(1) was amended to include the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan [85].

#1311

According to the 27th Amendment, which military office shall stand abolished on November 27, 2025?

(a) Chief of Army Staff

(b) Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

(c) Chief of Air Staff

(d) Naval Chief

Explanation: Article 243(5) stipulates that the office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee shall stand abolished on that date [113].

#1312

What is the primary seat location of the Federal Constitutional Court established by the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, 2025?

(a) Karachi

(b) Lahore

(c) Islamabad

(d) Peshawar

Explanation: The Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) has its permanent seat at Islamabad [49]. However, it may sit at other places as the Chief Justice of the FCC determines with the President's approval [50]. This court is central to the new judicial ecosystem established by the amendment [51].

#1313

Under the Twenty-Seventh Amendment, which high-ranking military post stands abolished as of November 27, 2025?

(a) Chief of the Army Staff

(b) Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee

(c) Director General of ISI

(d) Minister of Defence

Explanation: The amendment to Article 243 stipulates that the office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee shall stand abolished with effect from November 27, 2025 [57]. This is part of a major alteration of the military command structure [58]. Responsibilities are being transferred within the defense forces [27].

#1314

As of mid-2025, the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) needed how many ratifications to enter into force?

(a) s of mid-2025, the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) needed how many ratifications to enter into force?

(b) 45

(c) 60

(d) 90

Explanation: The treaty opens a path to protect biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction and enters into force after 60 ratifications; by June 2025, 49 had ratified. ([High Seas Alliance](https://highseasalliance.org/treaty-ratification/table-of-countries/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Signature and Ratification Progress Table"))

#1315

According to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?

(a) ccording to REN21’s 2025 Global Status Report, the world added roughly what amount of renewable power capacity in 2024 (record year)?

(b) 420 GW

(c) 700+ GW

(d) 1,000 GW

Explanation: REN21 reports the largest annual increase to date—over 700 GW—signaling accelerating momentum for renewables worldwide. ([REN21](https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2025/downloads/pdf/go/GSR_2025_GO_2025_Full_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "RENEWABLES 2025 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT"))

#1316

In August 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(a) ugust 2025, wind + solar supplied over one-third of electricity for the first time in which country?

(b) Brazil

(c) Australia

(d) Spain

Explanation: Brazil crossed 34% from wind and solar while hydro output dipped, keeping fossil generation low and cutting power-sector emissions versus past drought years. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/13eef596389803e8b801f26e7888fb97?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Wind and solar power fuel over one-third of Brazil's electricity for first time"))

#1317

The 2025 IEA update on low-emissions hydrogen cut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(a) 10%

(b) 25%

(c) ut the 2030 output outlook by nearly:

(d) 60%

Explanation: The IEA lowered its 2030 projection from ~49 Mt to ~37 Mt due to cancellations, cost pressures, and policy uncertainty, though committed capacity still grows. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/iea-cuts-2030-low-emissions-hydrogen-production-outlook-by-nearly-quarter-2025-09-12/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IEA cuts 2030 low-emissions hydrogen production outlook by nearly a quarter"))

#1318

The global plastics treaty talks (INC-5.2, Geneva 2025) ended with:

(a) A final legally binding treaty

(b) Agreement to cap global plastic production immediately

(c) Collapse with no agreement

(d) Adoption of a voluntary code only

Explanation: Deep divisions—especially over production caps vs. downstream measures—prevented consensus, echoing the 2024 impasse at Busan. ([AP News](https://apnews.com/article/e73090282a22be7ff5979ea2d648dc10?utm_source=chatgpt.com "No end in sight to plastic pollution crisis as treaty negotiations in Geneva fail"))

#1319

The UN scheduled the Geneva 2025 plastics session after failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(a) fter failure to finalize a treaty at which meeting?

(b) INC-5.1 Busan 2024

(c) INC-3 Nairobi 2023

(d) INC-2 Paris 2023

Explanation: After Busan stalled, UNEP set INC-5.2 for 5–14 Aug 2025 in Geneva to try to close remaining divides. ([UNEP - UN Environment Programme](https://www.unep.org/inc-plastic-pollution?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic ..."))

#1320

Following COP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(a) Carbon capture hubs

(b) DSI benefit-sharing implementation

(c) OP16, a “Cali Fund” was launched (Feb 2025) to support:

(d) Road building in forests

Explanation: In line with COP16 Decision 16/2, the fund is hosted by the Multi-Partner Trust Fund to channel resources associated with DSI benefits. ([United Nations](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/?p=115133&utm_source=chatgpt.com "Press Release | The Cali Fund launches in the margins of ..."))

December 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions