#801

Which city is the host of the landmark COP30 Climate Summit in November 2025?

(a) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

(b) Belém, Brazil

(c) Sydney, Australia

(d) Nairobi, Kenya

Explanation: COP30 is being held in Belém, Brazil, located in the Amazon rainforest. It is framed as a critical moment for nature, biodiversity, and the submission of new national climate plans (NDCs).

#802

What was the outcome of the INC-5.2 negotiations on the Global Plastics Treaty held in Geneva in August 2025?

(a) A final treaty was unanimously adopted

(b) The talks failed to reach consensus, requiring a future session

(c) A ban on all single-use plastics was signed

(d) The treaty was abandoned entirely

Explanation: The negotiations in Geneva ended without a final agreement due to divisions over production caps, with a 'powerful minority' of petrochemical nations blocking consensus, necessitating further talks.

#803

The 'High Seas Treaty' officially reached the necessary 60 ratifications to enter into force in which month of 2025?

(a) January

(b) May

(c) September

(d) December

Explanation: On September 19, 2025, the treaty reached the threshold of 60 ratifications, triggering the countdown for it to enter into force in January 2026.

#804

Which major category of hurricane reached Category 5 strength in the Atlantic in August 2025?

(a) Hurricane Erin

(b) Hurricane Katrina

(c) Hurricane Sandy

(d) Hurricane Dorian

Explanation: Hurricane Erin intensified into a powerful Category 5 storm in August 2025, marking one of the most significant weather events of the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season.

#805

In September 2025, China announced its first-ever absolute emissions reduction target of what percentage by 2035?

(a) 20-25%

(b) 7-10%

(c) 50%

(d) 2%

Explanation: In a major policy shift, China pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 7-10% from peak levels by 2035, positioning itself as a climate leader ahead of the UN summit.

#806

Which sectors were added to China's national Emissions Trading System (ETS) in late 2025?

(a) Agriculture and Textiles

(b) Steel, Aluminum, and Cement

(c) Technology and Services

(d) Transport and Shipping

Explanation: China expanded its carbon market coverage in 2025 to include heavy industrial sectors like steel, aluminum, and cement, significantly increasing the market's scope.

#807

Which country ratified the High Seas Treaty in September 2025, helping it cross the 60-nation threshold?

(a) United States

(b) Morocco

(c) Russia

(d) China

Explanation: Morocco (along with Sierra Leone) ratified the treaty on September 19, 2025, providing the crucial 60th ratification needed for the treaty to become international law.

#808

Hurricane Beryl, which set records for its early intensity in June 2024, impacted which region?

(a) The Caribbean

(b) The Bay of Bengal

(c) The South Pacific

(d) The Mediterranean

Explanation: Hurricane Beryl was an unusually strong and early Category 5 storm that caused widespread devastation across the Caribbean in June/July 2024.

#809

Which commodity saw a new EU regulation (EUDR) aimed at preventing deforestation come into effect in 2024/2025?

(a) Steel

(b) Coffee, Cocoa, and Soy

(c) Electronics

(d) Plastics

Explanation: The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) targets commodities like cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya, and wood to ensure they are not produced on deforested land.

#810

Tropical Cyclone Jude caused severe flooding in March 2025 in which African nation?

(a) Egypt

(b) Mozambique

(c) Nigeria

(d) Morocco

Explanation: Mozambique, frequently hit by cyclones, faced significant impacts from Tropical Cyclone Jude in March 2025.

#811

In 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) was expected to deliver a historic advisory opinion on:

(a) Territorial disputes in Antarctica

(b) States' legal obligations regarding climate change

(c) The legality of whaling

(d) Space mining rights

Explanation: The ICJ held hearings in 2024 and was expected to issue an advisory opinion in 2025 clarifying the legal obligations of states to protect the climate system.

#812

Hurricane Melissa, occurring in October 2025, primarily threatened which nation?

(a) Iceland

(b) Haiti

(c) Portugal

(d) Japan

Explanation: Forecasts and reports for the 2025 hurricane season identified Hurricane Melissa as a major storm impacting Haiti and the surrounding Caribbean region in October.

#813

What major obstacle prevented the finalization of the Global Plastics Treaty in 2025?

(a) Lack of scientific evidence

(b) Disagreement over capping plastic production

(c) Lack of funding for travel

(d) Opposition from the tourism industry

Explanation: The primary sticking point was the refusal of major oil and plastic-producing nations to agree to binding caps on the production of primary plastic polymers.

#814

Which South American river basin faced a historic drought in 2024-2025, severely affecting hydropower and transport?

(a) Orinoco

(b) Amazon

(c) Paraná

(d) Magdalena

Explanation: The Amazon basin experienced one of its most severe droughts on record, isolating communities, killing wildlife, and disrupting critical river transport.

#815

Typhoon Fung-Wong was a late-season storm in November 2025 that affected:

(a) The Philippines

(b) Thailand

(c) Indonesia

(d) Australia

Explanation: Typhoon Fung-Wong tracked towards Northern Luzon in the Philippines in November 2025.

#816

Which new US trade policy in 2025 was cited as potentially hindering global climate cooperation?

(a) Carbon Tax

(b) Higher tariffs on green technology imports

(c) Open borders for solar panels

(d) Subsidies for foreign wind farms

Explanation: Reports indicated that new US tariffs and protectionist measures could slow the deployment of green technologies and affect developing countries' ability to pursue climate action.

#817

Which country experienced extreme cold waves and heavy snowfall in its Northern regions in early 2025?

(a) Pakistan

(b) Saudi Arabia

(c) Thailand

(d) Brazil

Explanation: Pakistan's northern areas like Gilgit-Baltistan experienced extreme cold and heavy snow in the winter season of 2024-2025.

#818

The 2025 'Overshoot Commission' report focused on governance regarding:

(a) Population growth

(b) Solar Radiation Modification (Geoengineering)

(c) Mars colonization

(d) Deep sea fishing

Explanation: The Climate Overshoot Commission has been working on recommendations for governing controversial approaches like solar geoengineering to reduce climate risks.

#819

In 2025, which renewable energy source was projected to surpass coal as the largest source of electricity generation globally?

(a) Wind

(b) Solar

(c) Hydropower

(d) Renewables (combined)

Explanation: The IEA projected that renewables as a whole would overtake coal to become the largest source of global electricity generation by early 2025.

#820

Which city is scheduled to host the IUCN World Conservation Congress in 2025?

(a) Abu Dhabi, UAE

(b) Paris, France

(c) Honolulu, USA

(d) Tokyo, Japan

Explanation: The UAE won the bid to host the 2025 IUCN World Conservation Congress in Abu Dhabi.

June 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions