October 2026 Edition
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October 2026 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#141
Which city hosted the 23rd Meeting of the Council of the Heads of Government of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in October 2024?
(a) Lahore
(b) Karachi
(c) Islamabad
(d) Gwadar
Explanation: Islamabad hosted the high-profile SCO summit on October 15-16, 2024. This was a major diplomatic milestone for Pakistan, attended by several heads of government, including the premiers of China and Russia, focusing on regional cooperation in trade, economy, and security.
#142
What was the name of the operation launched by the Indian Army to secure the Srinagar airfield in October 1947?
(a) Operation Vijay
(b) Operation Jak
(c) Operation Gulmarg
(d) Operation Polo
Explanation: Operation Jak was the codename for the Indian airlift of troops to Srinagar on October 27, 1947. This followed the signing of the Instrument of Accession by the Maharaja. The successful defense of the Srinagar airfield by Indian troops prevented the tribal forces from capturing the capital city.
#143
Which document did Maharaja Hari Singh sign on October 26, 1947, to finalize his state's merger with India?
(a) The Treaty of Amritsar
(b) The Instrument of Accession
(c) The Simla Agreement
(d) The Tashkent Declaration
Explanation: The Instrument of Accession was the legal document provided by the Indian Independence Act 1947. By signing it, the Maharaja surrendered control of defense, external affairs, and communications to the Indian government in exchange for military protection.
#144
What was the primary reason for the delay in tribal forces reaching Srinagar in late October 1947?
(a) Heavy snowfall
(b) Stopping to loot and pillage in Baramulla
(c) Lack of ammunition
(d) A ceasefire agreement
Explanation: The tribal forces reached Baramulla, just 50km from Srinagar, by October 26. However, they spent several critical days in the town engaging in looting and indiscipline. This delay gave the Maharaja time to sign the accession and allowed the first Indian troops to land in Srinagar.
#145
In October 2024, which major summit was hosted in Islamabad, bringing together leaders from China, Russia, and Central Asia to discuss regional stability?
(a) OIC Summit
(b) SCO Council of Heads of Government
(c) ECO Summit
(d) SAARC Summit
Explanation: Islamabad successfully hosted the 23rd meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of Government in October 2024. The summit was a major diplomatic success for Pakistan, emphasizing regional security, CPEC integration into the SCO framework, and collective economic resilience.
#146
The 'National Security Policy' (NSP) 2022-2026 of Pakistan shifts the focus of its alliances from Geopolitics to:
(a) Space-politics
(b) Geo-economics
(c) Isolationism
(d) Theocratic governance
Explanation: The NSP 2022-2026 is a landmark document that places 'Geo-economics' at the heart of Pakistan's security. It emphasizes that traditional security through alliances is only sustainable if the country is economically strong and integrated into regional trade networks like CPEC and the ECO.
#147
The Kargil War led to which major political change in Pakistan in October 1999?
(a) General Elections
(b) A military coup by General Pervez Musharraf
(c) Resignation of the President
(d) Creation of a new province
Explanation: The aftermath of the Kargil War and the subsequent blame game between the civilian and military leadership led to a coup on October 12, 1999. General Pervez Musharraf overthrew the government of Nawaz Sharif and took control as the Chief Executive.
#148
Which Indian External Affairs Minister made a landmark visit to Islamabad in October 2024 for the SCO Summit, the first such visit in nearly a decade?
(a) Sushma Swaraj
(b) S. Jaishankar
(c) Nitin Gadkari
(d) Rajnath Singh
Explanation: S. Jaishankar's visit to Islamabad in October 2024 for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Council of Heads of Government meeting was highly significant, as it was the first visit by an Indian Foreign Minister to Pakistan since 2015. While the visit focused on multilateralism, it occurred amidst a frozen bilateral relationship and intense regional security concerns.
#149
Which tragic event is remembered on October 8 in Pakistan?
(a) The 1965 ceasefire
(b) The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake
(c) The death of Allama Iqbal
(d) The launch of the Zarb-e-Azb operation
Explanation: October 8 is remembered as the anniversary of the 2005 earthquake that devastated parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The disaster resulted in over 73,000 deaths. The day is observed as a National Disaster Awareness Day to honor the victims and to recognize the heroic relief efforts by the military and civilian organizations.
#150
The 'Pink Ribbon' campaign in Pakistan is most active in October for the awareness of:
(a) Maternal health
(b) Breast Cancer
(c) Polio
(d) Hepatitis
Explanation: The Pink Ribbon campaign is a nationwide movement to raise awareness about breast cancer, which has a very high incidence rate among women in Pakistan. October is observed as the 'Breast Cancer Awareness Month,' with major landmarks illuminated in pink to encourage early detection through self-examination and mammography, as early diagnosis significantly increases the chances of survival.
#151
The 26th Constitutional Amendment, passed in October 2024, has which implication for the judiciary that includes women?
(a) It bans women from becoming CJP
(b) It establishes constitutional benches which will include women judges based on seniority and merit
(c) It removes reserved seats
(d) It only applies to men
Explanation: The 26th Amendment introduced the concept of 'Constitutional Benches' in the Supreme Court. While it does not specifically mandate gender quotas, the inclusion of women judges like Justice Ayesha Malik and Justice Musarrat Hilali in these specialized benches is expected based on their expertise and seniority, further cementing the role of women in the country's constitutional law.
#152
Which tragic event is remembered on October 8 in Pakistan?
(a) The 1965 ceasefire
(b) The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake
(c) The death of Allama Iqbal
(d) The launch of the Zarb-e-Azb operation
Explanation: October 8 is remembered as the anniversary of the 2005 earthquake that devastated parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The disaster resulted in over 73,000 deaths. The day is observed as a National Disaster Awareness Day to honor the victims and to recognize the heroic relief efforts by the military and civilian organizations.
#153
Which historic constitutional amendment was passed in October 2024, introducing significant reforms to the judicial appointment process?
(a) 25th Amendment
(b) 26th Amendment
(c) 27th Amendment
(d) 28th Amendment
Explanation: The 26th Constitutional Amendment, also known as the Constitutional Package, was passed in October 2024. Key provisions included the formation of a Judicial Commission to appoint judges, a fixed three-year tenure for the Chief Justice of Pakistan, and the establishment of constitutional benches in the Supreme Court and High Courts. The amendment aimed to ensure parliamentary oversight in the appointment of the top judiciary.
#154
Which Pakistani city hosted the 23rd Meeting of the Council of the Heads of Government of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in October 2024?
(a) Karachi
(b) Lahore
(c) Islamabad
(d) Gwadar
Explanation: Islamabad hosted the high-profile SCO summit on October 15-16, 2024. This was a major diplomatic milestone for the Shahbaz Sharif government, attended by several heads of government, including the premiers of China and Russia. The summit focused on regional cooperation in trade, economy, and security, and was the first visit by an Indian Foreign Minister to Pakistan in nearly a decade.
#155
Who was appointed as the 30th Chief Justice of Pakistan in October 2024, following the implementation of the 26th Amendment?
(a) Justice Qazi Faez Isa
(b) Justice Mansoor Ali Shah
(c) Justice Yahya Afridi
(d) Justice Munib Akhtar
Explanation: Justice Yahya Afridi was appointed as the Chief Justice of Pakistan on October 26, 2024. He was the first Chief Justice appointed under the new mechanism introduced by the 26th Constitutional Amendment, where a Special Parliamentary Committee selects the CJP from among the three most senior judges of the Supreme Court.
#156
In October 2024, which country's Prime Minister visited Islamabad, marking a 'renewed era' of bilateral and SCO cooperation?
(a) Li Qiang (China)
(b) Mikhail Mishustin (Russia)
(c) Narendra Modi (India)
(d) Both a and b
Explanation: The SCO summit in October 2024 saw the rare simultaneous presence of the Chinese and Russian premiers in Islamabad. Their visits resulted in several bilateral agreements on energy, trade, and regional connectivity, reinforcing Pakistan's strategic importance.
#157
In October 2021, a major administrative friction occurred between the PM Office and the Military over the appointment of the:
(a) Chief of Army Staff
(b) Director General of ISI
(c) Chief of Naval Staff
(d) Chairman Joint Chiefs
Explanation: A significant standoff occurred in October 2021 regarding the notification of the new Director General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). While the military had announced the transfer of Lt Gen Faiz Hameed and the appointment of Lt Gen Nadeem Anjum, the PM Office delayed the formal notification, leading to weeks of speculation about a rift between the civil and military leadership.
#158
Who serves as the Governor of Sindh, having held the position since October 2022?
(a) Kamran Tessori
(b) Imran Ismail
(c) Ishrat-ul-Ibad
(d) Saeed-uz-Zaman Siddiqui
Explanation: Kamran Tessori of the MQM-P is the Governor of Sindh. He is known for his highly active and public-oriented style, opening the Governor House for IT courses and public grievances, and maintaining a bridge between the MQM-P and the federal establishment.
#159
If 1st October is a Sunday, then 1st November will be:
(a) Monday
(b) Tuesday
(c) Wednesday
(d) Thursday
Explanation: October has 31 days. The number of odd days in a 31-day month is 31 mod 7 = 3. Therefore, the day of the week advances by 3 days for the same date in the next month. Sunday + 3 days = Wednesday.
#160
What is the day of the week on 31st October 1984?
(a) Monday
(b) Tuesday
(c) Wednesday
(d) Thursday
Explanation: Odd days up to 1983 = 1600(0) + 300(1) + 83(20 LY + 63 NY) = 1 + 40 + 63 = 104 = 6 odd days. 1984 is leap. Jan to Oct = 3(J) + 1(F) + 3(M) + 2(A) + 3(M) + 2(J) + 3(J) + 3(A) + 2(S) + 31(O=3) = 25 odd days = 4 odd days. Total = 6 + 4 = 10 = 3 odd days. Day 3 is Wednesday.