December 2025 Edition
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December 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#1501
In early 2025, Pakistan and ______ discussed a 'Free Trade Agreement' (FTA) to boost bilateral trade to $10 billion.
(a) Afghanistan
(b) Iran
(c) Russia
(d) Turkey
Explanation: Following the de-escalation of border tensions in early 2024, Pakistan and Iran fast-tracked negotiations for an FTA. Both nations aim to bypass banking sanctions through barter trade and border markets, targeting a trade volume of $10 billion by 2030.
#1502
The 'Main Line-1' (ML-1) project, discussed with China in 2025, involves the modernization of which transport sector?
(a) Aviation
(b) Railways
(c) Shipping
(d) Bus Rapid Transit
Explanation: The ML-1 project is the most critical rail infrastructure project under CPEC, aimed at upgrading the track from Karachi to Peshawar. It is essential for lowering the cost of domestic cargo transport and facilitating regional transit trade with Central Asia.
#1503
What is the primary theme of Pakistan's 'Geo-economics' doctrine introduced in 2021 and reinforced in 2025?
(a) Increasing military spending
(b) Leveraging Pakistan's location for regional trade, transit, and investment
(c) Nationalizing all foreign companies
(d) Isolation from global financial institutions
Explanation: The geo-economics doctrine represents a fundamental shift in Pakistan's worldview. It prioritizes economic security as the foundation of national security, aiming to turn Pakistan into a land-bridge connecting the resource-rich Central Asia with the energy-rich Gulf and the markets of China.
#1504
Which Pakistani official visited Washington in 2025 to attend the 'U.S.-Pakistan Digital Investment Summit'?
(a) Chief of Army Staff
(b) Federal Minister for IT and Telecommunications
(c) Mayor of Islamabad
(d) Head of NADRA
Explanation: The Digital Investment Summit in 2025 was a key event to showcase Pakistan's tech startup ecosystem to American venture capitalists. The IT Minister's visit highlighted the growth of Pakistani software exports to the US, which have become a significant source of foreign exchange.
#1505
The 'Green Shipping' and 'Sustainable Oceans' initiative in 2025 is a collaboration between Pakistan and which international body?
(a) NATO
(b) International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the World Bank
(c) UNESCO
(d) NASA
Explanation: To align its ports with global environmental standards, Pakistan has engaged with the IMO and the World Bank for 'Green Shipping.' This initiative is vital for making Pakistani ports internationally competitive and attracting global shipping lines to Gwadar and Karachi.
#1506
What is the name of the $100 million project for 'Smart Agriculture' funded by a Gulf partner in 2025?
(a) CPEC Farm
(b) Gulf-Pak Agri-Hub
(c) Khalifa Agricultural Excellence Center
(d) Riyadh Farm
Explanation: The Khalifa Agricultural Excellence Center is a symbol of the UAE's commitment to modernizing Pakistan's farming sector. It provides high-tech training and data-driven solutions to Pakistani farmers to improve yields and meet international export standards.
#1507
Which international body's President visited Pakistan in early 2025 and praised the 'SIFC' model for regional growth?
(a) World Bank
(b) UN General Assembly (79th Session President)
(c) IMF
(d) Interpol
Explanation: The President of the UNGA visited Pakistan in 2025 to acknowledge the country's progress in sustainable development. They lauded the SIFC as a transparent and efficient mechanism for mobilizing international capital for SDGs and climate resilience.
#1508
The future of Pakistan's economic diplomacy in the 2025-2030 period is best summarized by which phrase?
(a) Isolation from world markets
(b) Transitioning from Geopolitics to Geoeconomic Connectivity
(c) Reliance on military aid only
(d) Merging with the European Union
Explanation: Moving forward, Pakistan aims to be seen as a 'pivot' of Eurasia. The strategy is to leverage its geographical position to act as a transit hub, providing the shortest and most economical route for energy and trade between Central Asia, China, and the rest of the world.
#1509
Which hydroelectric project on the Chenab River is currently being contested by Pakistan at the Hague-based Court of Arbitration as of 2024-2025?
(a) Salal Dam
(b) Ratle Hydroelectric Plant
(c) Mangla Dam
(d) Warsak Dam
Explanation: The 850 MW Ratle project is a major point of contention. Pakistan has raised objections to its design, specifically regarding the storage capacity and the speed at which India can manipulate water levels. In 2023, the World Bank allowed the simultaneous processes of a Neutral Expert and a Court of Arbitration to address the Ratle and Kishanganga disputes, highlighting the increasing complexity of water diplomacy.
#1510
Which hydroelectric project on the Chenab River is currently being contested by Pakistan at the Hague-based Court of Arbitration as of 2024-2025?
(a) Baglihar Dam
(b) Ratle Hydroelectric Plant
(c) Mangla Dam
(d) Warsak Dam
Explanation: The 850 MW Ratle project is a major point of contention. Pakistan has raised objections to its design, specifically regarding the storage capacity and the speed at which India can manipulate water levels. In 2023, the World Bank allowed the simultaneous processes of a Neutral Expert and a Court of Arbitration to address the Ratle and Kishanganga disputes, reflecting the high stakes of water diplomacy.
#1511
The 'Fitna al-Khawarij' is the official term used by the Pakistani state in 2024-2025 to describe which militant group based in Afghanistan?
(a) Al-Qaeda
(b) Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)
(c) ISIS-K
(d) Northern Alliance
Explanation: In 2024, the government and military officially adopted the term 'Fitna al-Khawarij' for the TTP. This narrative shift aims to delegitimize the group's religious credentials and highlight their role as internal destabilizers who misuse religion for terrorism. This remains a central point of diplomatic friction with the Afghan interim government, which Pakistan accuses of providing sanctuaries to the group.
#1512
Which city was declare South Asia's cleanest city in 2025, a point of pride often mentioned in regional diplomatic forums?
(a) Islamabad
(b) Lahore
(c) Peshawar
(d) Karachi
Explanation: Islamabad was officially ranked as the cleanest city in South Asia in 2025. This achievement is part of the 'Green Pakistan' narrative, showcasing successful municipal management and environmental policies. It is often highlighted by the Foreign Office as a sign of the capital's functionality and safety, contrary to extremist-driven negative perceptions.
#1513
Pakistan launched which communication satellite in 2025 that supports the digital sovereignty of its border security and data sharing?
(a) PRSS-2
(b) PakSat-MM1
(c) Badr-C
(d) PakSat-1R
Explanation: Pakistan launched the PakSat-MM1 communication satellite in 2025. This advanced satellite provides high-bandwidth connectivity needed for modern digital infrastructure. It also aids in secure communications for security agencies managing the complex borders with Afghanistan and India, reducing reliance on foreign space assets.
#1514
Which Pakistani official visited Washington in 2025 to attend the 'U.S.-Pakistan Counter-Terrorism Dialogue' to coordinate on regional threats?
(a) The President
(b) Senior security officials and the Foreign Minister
(c) The Mayor of Lahore
(d) The head of NADRA
Explanation: High-level security and diplomatic delegations from Pakistan visited Washington in 2025 for the CT Dialogue. These meetings focused on the shared threat of groups like ISIS-K and TTP operating from Afghanistan, signifying that counter-terrorism remains a functional pillar of Pak-U.S. ties despite other strategic differences.
#1515
In early 2025, the President of the UN General Assembly visited Pakistan and praised which project as a model for inter-faith harmony despite regional tensions?
(a) CPEC
(b) The Kartarpur Corridor
(c) BISP
(d) Thar Coal Project
Explanation: The President of the UNGA visited Pakistan in 2025 and lauded the Kartarpur Corridor. The project allows Indian Sikh pilgrims visa-free access to the final resting place of Guru Nanak in Pakistan. It is consistently recognized by the UN as a landmark initiative for 'Religious Diplomacy' and 'People-to-People' contact in a conflicted region.
#1516
What is the primary diplomatic stance of Pakistan on resuming trade with India as of late 2025?
(a) Ready to resume immediately
(b) Linked to the reversal of India's 2019 decision on Kashmir
(c) Banned permanently by the Constitution
(d) Only through Chinese intermediaries
Explanation: Pakistan's official stance remains that no normalization of ties, including the resumption of bilateral trade, can occur until India revisits its 2019 decision to revoke the special status of Kashmir. Islamabad views this as a prerequisite for a level playing field in any future negotiations and as a commitment to international law.
#1517
The 'Trans-Afghan Railway' project discussed in 2025 aims to connect Pakistan primarily with which landlocked neighbor?
(a) Kazakhstan
(b) Uzbekistan
(c) Tajikistan
(d) Turkmenistan
Explanation: The railway project (Termez–Kabul–Peshawar) is a trilateral initiative with Uzbekistan. It aims to provide Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states with access to the Arabian Sea via Pakistani ports like Gwadar and Karachi. This project is a pillar of Pakistan's 'Geo-economics' doctrine to move toward regional connectivity.
#1518
Which project on the Indus River is being discussed in 2025 as a potential site for a 'Small Modular Reactor' (SMR)?
(a) Tarbela Dam
(b) Diamer-Bhasha Dam
(c) Warsak Dam
(d) Rawal Dam
Explanation: In 2025, Pakistan has explored deploying SMRs at major project sites like Diamer-Bhasha. These reactors would provide localized, clean energy for construction and industrial zones, reflecting Pakistan's push for clean energy under its NDCs submitted to the UN.
#1519
The term 'Geo-economics', which Pakistan's foreign policy has pivoted toward in 2024-2025, is primarily about:
(a) Territorial expansion
(b) Leveraging geography for regional trade, transit, and connectivity
(c) Isolation from neighbors
(d) Building more missiles
Explanation: Geo-economics represents a shift from a security-centric to an economy-centric worldview. Pakistan aims to turn its location into a land-bridge connecting Central Asia, China, and the Gulf, making regional stability a prerequisite for its own prosperity.
#1520
The future of Pakistan's disputes with its neighbors in the 2025-2030 period is best summarized by which phrase?
(a) Total isolation
(b) Seeking peaceful resolution through multilateral engagement and Geo-economics
(c) Direct military conquest
(d) Abolishing the UN
Explanation: Pakistan's current strategy focuses on 'Multi-alignment.' By utilizing platforms like the SCO, OIC, and the UN, and applying for BRICS, Pakistan aims to manage its disputes while maximizing its economic and strategic options in a multi-polar world.